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FIM > 22. Herpes Viruses > Flashcards

22. Herpes Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Which antiviral agent is used in the treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Foscarnet

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2
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of which virus families?

A

Herpes virus

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3
Q

What is the most likely presentation in an immunocompetent adult with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection?

A

Pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

What is the most likely route of spread of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Sexual

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5
Q

What test should be performed on a serum sample to monitor response to treatment in an immunocompromised patient with systemic Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection?

A

Quantitative PCR

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6
Q

Classify the herpes viruses?

A 
Herpes simplex 1 and 2
Varicella-zoster
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr
Human herpes virus 6, 7 and 8
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7
Q

Are herpes viruses enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

Enveloped

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8
Q

Are herpes viruses DNA or RNA viruses?

A

DNA

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9
Q

What feature of herpes viruses is targeted by antivirals?

A

DNA polymerase

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10
Q

What cells do herpes simplex 1&2 infect?

A

Muco-epithelial

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11
Q

How is herpes virus 1&2 contracted?

A

Contact with vesicular fluid

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12
Q

How is herpes virus 1&2 detected?

A

PCR on vesicular fluid or CSF in the case of encephalitis

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13
Q

Where is latent herpes simplex contained?

A

Within neurons, especially trigeminal ganglion

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14
Q

What diseases are caused by herpes simplex infection?

A

Cold sores
Genital herpes
Keratitis

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15
Q

What serious diseases are caused by herpes simplex?

A

Eczema herpeticum
Encephalitis
Disseminated disease

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16
Q

What part of the brain is typically affected by herpes simplex encephalitis?

A

Fronto-temporal lobe

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17
Q

What is the treatment for herpes simplex encephalitis?

A

IV aciclovir

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18
Q

How is neonatal herpes simplex acquired?

A

Vaginal canal

Contact with coldsore or herpetic whitlow

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19
Q

What are the consequences of neonatal herpes simplex?

A

Death

Intellectual disability

20
Q

What lab tests can be done to confirm neonatal herpes simplex?

A

Swabs for culture

CSF and blood for PCR

21
Q

What are the complications of chicken pox?

A

Bacterial superinfection
Pneumonitis
CNS manifestations

22
Q

What risk is chicken pox during the 1st 20 weeks of pregnancy?

A

Congenital varicella syndrome

Risk increases as infection gets nearer to delivery time

23
Q

What is shingles?

A

Reactivation of dormant VZV in dorsal root ganglion

24
Q

What are the symptoms of shingles?

A

Rash
Could cause herpetic neuralgia
Sight loss if it affects the opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

25
Q

How can VZV infections be prevented?

A

Live varicella vaccine can prevent chicken pox
Zoster vaccine prevents shingles
Ig given to high risk patients as PEP

26
Q

What isolation precautions are needed for chicken pox?

A

Airborne

27
Q

What is CMV acquired from?

A

Bodily secretions

28
Q

What are the symptoms of CMV?

A

Majority mild or asymptomatic

Uncommonly can cause infectious mononucleosis like syndrome

29
Q

What cells hold latent CMV?

A

Lymphocytes

30
Q

What are the symptoms of congenital CMV?

A 
Small birth weight
Microcephaly,
intra-cerebral calcifications
chorioretinitis
encephalitis
Jaundice
hepatomegaly
rash
thrombocytopaenia
31
Q

What disease does CMV cause in HIV patients?

A

CMV retinitis

32
Q

What disease can CMV cause in transplant patients?

A

CMV colitis and pneumonitis

33
Q

What samples can be sent to the lab for a patient with CMV?

A

BAL in penumonitis
Biopsy in collitis
Can be isolated from any bodily fluid

34
Q

What test is done on cell culture in CMV?

A

DEAFF test

35
Q

How is EBV transmitted?

A

Saliva

36
Q

What disease does EBV cause?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

37
Q

What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Exudative pharyngitis

Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly

38
Q

What may happen if a patient with EBV is misdiagnosed as having strep throat?

A

Ampicillin used to treat strep throat causes a rash

39
Q

What is serology used to detect in EBV?

A

Heterophile antibody

Antibodies to capsid or nuclear antigens

40
Q

What is seen on a blood film for EBV?

A

Atypical lymphocytes

41
Q

What cell does EBV persist in?

A

B cells

42
Q

What are possible complications caused by EBV?

A

B and T cell lymphomas
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease
Oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV

43
Q

What disease is caused by human herpes viruses 6 and 7?

A

Roseola infantum

44
Q

What are the symptoms of roseola infantum?

A

high fever
maculopapular rash
febrile seizures

45
Q

How is human herpes virus 8 acquired?

A

sexually

46
Q

What disease is associated with human herpes virus 8 and HIV?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

FIM (44 decks)

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