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FIM > 24. b. Antivirals > Flashcards

24. b. Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What features of viruses make them difficult to treat?

A

Intracellular
Latency
Some can’t be cultured

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2
Q

What modes of action are there for antivirals?

A

Direct inactivation
Increase host response
Inhibit replication

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3
Q

Name 3 virucide methods

A

Hand hygiene
UV light
Cryotherapy and laser

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4
Q

Name examples of increasing the immune response as antiviral treatment

A

Ig PEP for VZV, CMV and rabies

Interferon

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5
Q

What viruses is aciclovir useful against?

A

HSV 1 and 2

VZV

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6
Q

What is A.triphosphate?

A

The active form of aciclovir which is only present in infected cells

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7
Q

What action does A. triphosphate have?

A

Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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8
Q

Which prodrug is metabolised to aciclovir?

A

Valaciclovir

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9
Q

What is the first anti-CMV agent?

A

Ganciclovir

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10
Q

What is ganciclovir used for?

A

prophylaxis in AIDS and organ transplant

IV for HSV 1 and 2, VZV and CMV

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11
Q

What antiviral is a pyrophosphate analogue?

A

Foscarnet

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of foscarnet?

A

Forms complex with DNA polymerases

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13
Q

What is foscarnet used for?

A

Ganciclovir resistant CMV in AIDS or transplant patients
CMV retinitis
Aciclovir resistant HSV or VZV

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14
Q

What agent is used for ganciclovir and foscarnet resistant CMV?

A

Cidofovir

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15
Q

What are the possible side effects of cidofovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity and neutropaenia

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16
Q

Name 2 anti-influenza agents

A

Oseltamivir

Anamivir

17
Q

What is the use of oseltamivir?

A

When given within 48 hours of symptoms to high risk patients it can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms
Also given as PEP

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of oseltamivir and zanamivir?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

19
Q

Who is zanamivir contraindicated in?

A

COPD and asthma

20
Q

What are the 2 methods of treating hep B?

A

Nucleoside analogues eg. entecavir

Pegylated interferon

21
Q

What is the treatment for hep C?

A

Direct acting antivirals

FIM (44 decks)

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