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FIM > 21. a. Corynebacterium > Flashcards

21. a. Corynebacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Which virulence factor produced by Corynebacterium diptheriae is important in the pathogenesis of this infection?

A

Exotoxin

Responsible for disease as bacteria doesn’t spread but toxin does

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2
Q

What complications can arise from a diphtheria infection?

A

Myocarditis
Paralysis
Toxaemia
Death

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3
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for a child with diphtheria?

A

Antitoxin

Antibiotics

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4
Q

Alongside antibiotics and antitoxin, how else should a child with diphtheria be managed?

A

Contact prophylaxis
Inform parents that you will need to see the child again
Notify public health
Isolate the patient

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5
Q

What should you do before sending a diphtheria sample to the lab?

A

Call your local diagnostic facility and consult a clinical microbiologist

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6
Q

What does corynebacteria look like under the microscope?

A

Gram + bacilli arranged in L or V shapes

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7
Q

What are some metabolic features of corynebacterium?

A

Faculative anaerobic
Catalase +
No spores

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8
Q

How long is the incubation period for corynebacterium?

A

2-6 days

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9
Q

Where does corynebacterium colonise?

A

Skin
Upper respiratory tract
Genitourinary tract

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10
Q

How is corynebacterium spread?

A

Droplets

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11
Q

Who is at risk of c. diphtheriae?

A

Children
Unvaccinated
Overcrowding

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12
Q

What are the biotypes of c. diphtheriae?

A

Gravis and mitis

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13
Q

How is the toxigenicity of c. diphtheriae detected?

A

Elek test

tox gene on PCR

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14
Q

What types of diseases are caused by c. diphtheriae?

A

Pharyngeal and tonsillar

Cutaneous

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15
Q

How does a c. diphtheriae pharyngitis present?

A

Exudative with a thick, black, adherent pseudomembrane
Low fever
‘Bull neck’ oedema

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16
Q

What is the pseudomembrane in c. diph pharyngitis made up of?

A

Exudate
Bacteria
Fibrin
Dead cells

17
Q

What is the presentation of a cutaneous c. diph infection?

A

Non-healing ulcer with a grey membrane

18
Q

What complications are associated with c. diph infeciton?

A

Myocarditis leading to cardiac arrhythmia
Neuritis leading to respiratory paralysis
Pseudomembrane can obstruct airway

19
Q

What samples are taken to diagnose a c. diph infection?

A

Nasal and pharyngeal swabs

20
Q

What cultures is c.diph grown in?

A

Loeffler’s serum slope or potassium tellurite agar

21
Q

How does c. diph appear on postassium tellurite?

A

Reduces tellurite to form black colonies

22
Q

What drugs are given to manage c. diph infection?

A

Antitoxin which neutralises the unbound toxin

Penicillin or erythromycin

23
Q

What non-drug management is used to help a c.diph infection?

A

Manage airway
ECG and enzymes to catch myocarditis
Neurology for neuritis

24
Q

What form of c. diph is in the DTaP vaccine?

A

Formalin-inactivated diphtheria toxoid

25
Q

When is the DTaP vaccine given?

A

2, 4 and 6 months

Booster at 4/5 and 12-14

26
Q

Where does c. jeikeium colonise?

A

Skin and mucosa

27
Q

What are the major issues around c. jeikeium?

A

Very antibiotic resistant

Often seen in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies or IV line infections

28
Q

What diseases can c. jeikeium cause?

A

Bacteraemia
Endocarditis
Abscesses

29
Q

What is the treatment for c. jeikeium?

A

Glycopeptides

30
Q

What diseases are caused by c. ulcerans?

A

Bovine mastitis

Pharyngitis

31
Q

What is the treatment for c. ulcerans?

A

Erythromycin

32
Q

How does a c. haemolyticum infection present?

A

Acute tonsilitis or pharyngitis in young adults +/- rash

33
Q

How does c. minutissiumum present?

A

Erythrasma in skin folds which appear coral red under fluorescence wood’s lamp

FIM (44 decks)

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