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FIM > 7. Intro to Fungi > Flashcards

7. Intro to Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

At what temperature does the Aspergillus species normally thrive?

A

Room temperature

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2
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is most often found where?

A

Pigeon faeces

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3
Q

What is a risk factor for candidiasis infection?

A

Use of broad spectrum antibiotics

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4
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci (previously P. carinii) is best described as which type of fungus?

A

Yeast-like

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5
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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6
Q

What molecule is found in fungal cell membranes?

A

Ergosterol

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7
Q

What parts of the fungal cell wall give it rigidity?

A

Chitin

Carbohydrates (mannans)

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8
Q

What added protection does a capsule give?

A

Antiphagocytic

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9
Q

How does yeast appear on culture?

A

Moist-waxy colonies

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10
Q

How does a yeast-like fungus appear on culture?

A

Creamy white colonies

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11
Q

What type of fungus is cryptococcus?

A

Yeast

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12
Q

What type of fungus is candida albicans?

A

Yeast-like

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13
Q

How do moulds reproduce?

A

Spore formation

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14
Q

How can a dimorphic fungus behave like both a mould and a yeast?

A

Act as a mould from 25-30C

Yeast in humans at 35-37C

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15
Q

How are superficial infections diagnosed?

A

Skin scrapings or nail clippings

KOH microscopy

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16
Q

What superficial infection presents as an itchy, dry rash, commonly on the trunk and neck?

A

Pityriasis Versicolor

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17
Q

What factors are often related to a pityriasis versicolor infection?

A

Hot, humid climate

Excessive sweating

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18
Q

What is the topical treatment for pityriasis versicolor infection?

A

Azoles, selenium sulphide

19
Q

What is the oral treatment for pityriasis versicolor infecton?

A

Fluconazole, itraconazole

20
Q

What culture is used to grow tinea/ringworm?

A

Sabouraud sugar

21
Q

What treatment is given for tinea?

A

Oral terbinafide

Topical antifungals and keratolytic agents

22
Q

Which fungus causes a subcutaneous infection?

A

Sporotrichosis

23
Q

How does sporotrichosis present?

A

An ulcer on site of injury forms a granulomatous nodule

24
Q

How is sporotrichosis treated?

A

Itraconazole

25
Q

How is sporotrichosis treated if it spreads to the lungs?

A

Amphotericin B

26
Q

Which yeast causes meningitis in an immunocompromised patient?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

27
Q

How does cryptococcus neoformans get into the body?

A

inhaled

Found in soil, bird faeces, rotting vegetation

28
Q

How is cryptococcus neoformans diagnosed?

A

Antigen is found in blood and CSF

India ink

29
Q

What dimorphic fungus causes an infection similar to TB?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

30
Q

Where can histoplasma capsulatum disseminate to?

A

Liver, lungs, spleen

31
Q

How does Histoplasma capsulatum evade the immune system?

A

It can live within macrophages

32
Q

How does a candida skin infection present?

A

Red rash in warm, moist areas of skin

33
Q

How is a candida skin infection treated?

A

Topical: clotrimazole
Oral: fluconazole

34
Q

How does candida appear under the microscope?

A

Budding yeasts with large purple cells

35
Q

What cultures does candida grow on?

A

Blood

Selective agar

36
Q

What disease is caused when aspergillus is inhaled by a patient with asthma or CF?

A

Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Results in a wheeze, cough and fever

37
Q

How is Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis treated?

A

Steroids

itraconazole

38
Q

How can an aspergilloma present?

A

Asymptomatic, chronic cough or haemoptosis

39
Q

What is seen on a CT scan if an aspergilloma is present?

A

Fluid filled cavity in thorax

40
Q

What does invasive aspergillosis cause in an immunocompromised patient?

A

Invasion of blood vessels causes haemoptysis and bleeding

Dissemination

41
Q

What is PJP seen as on a thorax CT?

A

Ground glass infiltrates

42
Q

How is PJP diagnosed?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage

43
Q

What does PCP stain with?

A

Methanamine silver/grocott

FIM (44 decks)

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