3. Bacterial Genetics Flashcards
Which enzyme unwinds DNA?
Helicase
Which enzyme has a proof reading function?
DNA polymerase
Which enzyme is involved in supercoiling DNA?
DNA gyrase
In what direction does DNA Polymerase replicate the DNA sequence on each strand?
5’ to 3’
Which enzyme produces mRNA?
RNA polymerase
Which antimicrobial agent inhibits translation?
Chloramphenicol
Spectinomycin
Transcription of the lac operon is controlled by which environmental factor?
Lactose
When glucose and lactose are both available, bacteria prefer glucose. What happens to lac genes in this circumstance?
They are repressed
Plasmids are extrachromosomal, circular, double stranded DNA molecules. How would you describe their process of replication?
Independent of the main chromosome in the cell
Describe transformation
DNA fragment or plasmids are taken up by the cell and integrated into the host’s genome
Which test would be an appropriate method to genetically type bacteria?
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
What type of enzyme is DNA gyrase?
Topisomerase
Which enzyme puts down the primer to copy the lagging strand?
RNA primase
What are the fragments of mRNA made from the lagging strand called?
Okasaki fragments
Which enzyme links the okasaki fragments together?
DNA ligase
Which antibiotic disrupts transcription?
How?
Rifampicin
Forms a complex with RNA polymerase
What is a group of genes with a similar function known as?
Operon
What gene prevents DNA polymerase binding in the presence of glucose?
lacI
What is the name of the process where DNA fragments are taken up and integrated into the host genome?
Transformation
What is the name of the process where the plasmid is transferred from one cell to another?
Recombination/conjugation
Which genes encode the sex pilus?
tra genes
Which method of genetic exchange involves bacteriophages?
Transduction
What is transposition?
Genes called transposons can change their position in the genome
What are the 3 methods of gene mutation?
Substitution
Deletion
Insertion
