3. Bacterial Genetics

Question 1

Which enzyme unwinds DNA?

Answer 1

Helicase

Question 2

Which enzyme has a proof reading function?

Answer 2

DNA polymerase

Question 3

Which enzyme is involved in supercoiling DNA?

Answer 3

DNA gyrase

Question 4

In what direction does DNA Polymerase replicate the DNA sequence on each strand?

Answer 4

5’ to 3’

Question 5

Which enzyme produces mRNA?

Answer 5

RNA polymerase

Question 6

Which antimicrobial agent inhibits translation?

Answer 6

Chloramphenicol

Spectinomycin

Question 7

Transcription of the lac operon is controlled by which environmental factor?

Answer 7

Lactose

Question 8

When glucose and lactose are both available, bacteria prefer glucose. What happens to lac genes in this circumstance?

Answer 8

They are repressed

Question 9

Plasmids are extrachromosomal, circular, double stranded DNA molecules. How would you describe their process of replication?

Answer 9

Independent of the main chromosome in the cell

Question 10

Describe transformation

Answer 10

DNA fragment or plasmids are taken up by the cell and integrated into the host’s genome

Question 11

Which test would be an appropriate method to genetically type bacteria?

Answer 11

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Question 12

What type of enzyme is DNA gyrase?

Answer 12

Topisomerase

Question 13

Which enzyme puts down the primer to copy the lagging strand?

Answer 13

RNA primase

Question 14

What are the fragments of mRNA made from the lagging strand called?

Answer 14

Okasaki fragments

Question 15

Which enzyme links the okasaki fragments together?

Answer 15

DNA ligase

Question 16

Which antibiotic disrupts transcription?

How?

Answer 16

Rifampicin

Forms a complex with RNA polymerase

Question 17

What is a group of genes with a similar function known as?

Answer 17

Operon

Question 18

What gene prevents DNA polymerase binding in the presence of glucose?

Answer 18

lacI

Question 19

What is the name of the process where DNA fragments are taken up and integrated into the host genome?

Answer 19

Transformation

Question 20

What is the name of the process where the plasmid is transferred from one cell to another?

Answer 20

Recombination/conjugation

Question 21

Which genes encode the sex pilus?

Answer 21

tra genes

Question 22

Which method of genetic exchange involves bacteriophages?

Answer 22

Transduction

Question 23

What is transposition?

Answer 23

Genes called transposons can change their position in the genome

Question 24

What are the 3 methods of gene mutation?

Answer 24

Substitution
Deletion
Insertion