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FIM > 1. The Microbiome in Health and Disease > Flashcards

1. The Microbiome in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microbiome?

A

The mix of organisms regularly present at an anatomical site

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2
Q

What is a symbiosis?

A

The relationship an organism has with a potential host

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3
Q

What is colonisation?

A

Presence of microorganisms on a body surface without causing damage to the host

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4
Q

What relationship best describes our association with micro-organisms?

A

Mutualistic

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5
Q

What is the term for when one symbiont benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?

A

Commensal

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6
Q

What is infection?

A

Invasion of body tissue by a micro-organism

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7
Q

What is an overt pathogen?

A

High pathogenic potential

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8
Q

What factors affect the human microbiome?

A 
Age
Sex
Genetics
Diet 
Stress
Antibiotics
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9
Q

What are the benefits for microorganisms in symbiosis?

A

Nutrition

Stable environment

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10
Q

What are the benefits for humans in symbiosis?

A

Nutrition
Prevents overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens
Cross-reactive antigens stimulate immunity

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11
Q 
Which of the following fluids/tissues would you expect to be colonised with bacteria?
A. Blood
B. Bronchial mucosa
C. Cerebral spinal fluid
D. Saliva
E. Tears
A

B, D, E

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12
Q

What bacteria are commonly found on skin?

A 
Coagulase neg staph
Staph aureus
Corynebacteria
Micrococci
Propionobacteria acnes
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13
Q

Which fungi are commonly found on skin?

A

Candida

Malassezia

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14
Q

Why is streptococcus rare on skin?

A

Propionobacteria produce FAs which are toxic to strep

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15
Q

What bacteria are commonly found in the oral cavity?

A

Streptococcus
Neissira staphylococci
Corynebacteria

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16
Q

What fungus is commonly found in the oral cavity?

A

Candida albicans

17
Q

What is plaque caused by?

A

Dental biofilms on tooth surfaces

18
Q

What kind of bacteria are found in the colon?

A

Anaerobic gram neg and pos

19
Q

What are the predominant bacteria in the colon?

A

Bacteroides

Bifidobacterium bifidum

20
Q

Why is there a low pH in the vagina?

A

Lactic acid bacteria conducting glycogen metabolism

21
Q

Which bacteria predominates in the vagina during reproductive years?

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

22
Q

What is a s. aureus infection known as in young children?

A

Impetigo

23
Q

What factors increase the risk of candida albicans infection?

A

Hormonal changes
Antibiotic use
Dentures

24
Q

Where is clostridium difficile found?

A

Bowel

25
Q 
Which of these is an transient colonizer of human skin?
A. Escherichiacoli
B. Streptococcuspneumoniae
C. Staphylococcusaureus
D. Staphylococcusepidermidis
E. Lactobacillus acidiphilus
A

C

26
Q

What are probiotics?

A

Orally administered organisms to re-establish natural balance of organisms within gut

27
Q

What treatment has been recognised to treat recurrent CDI?

A

Faecal Microbiotal Transplant

FIM (44 decks)

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