4. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Which term refers to the processes that give rise to disease and result from both bacterial and host factors?

A

Pathogenesis

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2
Q

Which type of symbiosis is when a pathogen takes shelter in a host?

A

Commenalism

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3
Q

Typically, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the influenza virus gain entry into humans via which route of transmission?

A

Inhalation

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4
Q

Which toxin is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

A

Endotoxin

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5
Q

Which organism produces several exotoxins that are important in the pathogenesis of food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

What superantigen is produced by staphylococcus aureus?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1

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7
Q

Which term best describes the ability of a pathogen to enter a host, overcome its defences, multiply and spread?

A

Invasiveness

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8
Q

Which Staphylococcus aureus enzyme converts fibrinogen into a fibrin clot?

A

Coagulase

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9
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A micro-organism that can cause disease

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10
Q

What is virulence?

A

Severity of a micro-organism’s ability to cause disease

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11
Q

What enzyme is produced by staph aureus?

What does it do?

A

Coagulase

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

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12
Q

What is the function of streptokinase?

A

Lysis of firbin clots

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13
Q

What parts of the bacterium aid in adherance?

A

Fimbriae, cell wall, capsule

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14
Q

What are invasins?

A

Proteins that can bind to receptors on host cells

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15
Q

What are the 3 ways bacteria can evade the immune system?

A

Motility
Inhibition or survival of phagocytosis
Production of substances that help invasion

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16
Q

Which bacteria produces M protein?

A

B-haemolytic streptococci

17
Q

Which gene encodes for the M protein?

A

emm

18
Q

What are the functions of M protein?

A

Attach to cells

Antiphagocytic

19
Q

Which part of a bacterium allows survival within phagocytes?

A

Capsule

20
Q

Which bacteria produces urease?

A

H.pylori

21
Q

What kinds of hosts are at high risk of bacterial infection?

A
Extremes of age
Diabetic
Immunosuppressed
Breech in skin
Prosthetic material
Antibiotic
22
Q

What cytokines are produced in response to endotoxins?

A

IL-1,6 TNF, prostaglandins

23
Q

What causes the toxic effects of endotoxins?

A

Lipid A part of LPS of gram negative

24
Q

What type of bacteria produce exotoxins?

A

Gram positive

25
Q

What releases the effects of exotoxins?

A

Replicating bacteria are lysed by the host or antibiotics

26
Q

Which receptors do superantigens bind to?

A

T cell receptor

MHC-II

27
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

An exotoxin which causes non-specific activation of T cells resulting in a high release of cytokines