19. Immunisation Flashcards
What is an antigen?
Live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response
What is an antibody?
Immunoglobulin produced by B cells to help eliminate an antigen
What is an adjuvant?
Substance that increases the antibody response
Name 2 adjuvants
Aluminium phosphate
Aluminium hydroxide
What is immunisation?
Process of artificially inducing or providing immunity to an infectious disease
What indicates how successful a vaccine is?
Presence of antibodies
What is passive immunity?
Injection of antibodies
Immediate but short lived protection
Name 2 forms of passive immunity
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Transplacental
What is active immunity?
Stimulates host production of immune response
May be live or non live
Name the forms of non-live vaccines
Whole inactivated
Protein based
Polysaccharide based
Recombinant
How is a whole inactivated vaccine created?
Pathogen is killed by heat or formalin
How many doses are needed for a whole inactivated vaccine?
3-5
What sort of response is generated by a whole inactivated vaccine?
Humoral
Name 2 whole inactive vaccines
Polio
Hep A
What vaccines are live and must not be given to immune compromised patients?
BCG
MMR
Varicella
What are the 2 forms of protein-based vaccine?
Toxoid
Subunit
What is a toxoid vaccine?
Bacterial toxin modified so it is antigenic but not toxigenic
Name 2 toxoid vaccines
Diptheria
Tetanus
What is a subunit vaccine?
Contains antigenic proteins of the infectious agent
Name a subunit vaccine
Pertussis
Name the 2 types of polysaccharide based vaccines
Pure
Conjugate
What is a pure polysaccharide vaccine?
Polysaccharide from bacterial capsule
Name a pure polysaccharide vaccine
Pneumococcal
What is a conjugate polysaccharide vaccine?
Polysaccharide is linked to a protein
This provides a greater immune response
