6. HCAIs Flashcards
Infections acquired within how many hours after admission to a healthcare institution are infections classified as a healthcare-associated?
48
Which one of the following would be a common cause of device-related infections in the clinical setting?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Which of these bacteria may lead to necrotising fasciitis at a surgical site?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What are recognised risk factors for acquiring a urinary tract infection in hospital?
Catheterisation
Dehydration
Stasis
Which microbe is a common cause of a catheter-related urinary tract infection?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What proportion of hospital beds should be single rooms to help minimise HCAI?
At least 50%
In general terms, what is the compliance rate with current hand hygiene precautions in most Irish hospitals?
60-75%
Which precipitating factor is most likely to result in a needlestick injury?
A needle is resheathed
What is the main focus of Standard Precautions?
Body fluids
What event prompted the introduction of Standard Precautions?
HIV epidemic
What are HCAIs also known as?
Nosocomal infections
What factors increase the likelihood of getting an infection in a hospital?
Microbe adapts
Patient environment
Vulnerable patients
What are common forms of HCAIs?
UTIs
RTIs
SSIs
BSIs
What infections are covered under contact transmission patient isolation?
MRSA
diarrhoeal
What infections are covered under contact plus transmission patient isolation?
C. diff
What extra precaution is taken for contact plus isolation?
Must also wear a long sleeve gown
What infections are covered under droplet and contact transmission patient isolation?
Influenza
SARS
What extra precaution is taken for droplet and contact isolation?
Surgical mask
What infections are covered under airborne transmission patient isolation?
TB
Measles
Chicken pox
What extra precaution is taken for airborne isolation?
Respirator mask
What is cleaning?
Removal of organisms with water and simple detergent
What is disinfection?
Reduction in the total number of organisms
What is sterilisation?
Complete eradication of microbes including spores
What are the methods of sterilisation?
Heat
Radiation
Ethylene oxide
