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FIM > 28. Opportunistic Infections > Flashcards

28. Opportunistic Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic infections are caused by pathogens that always cause disease. Is this statement True or False?

A

False

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2
Q

What is a common opportunistic pathogen associated with device-related infections?

A

Staph epidermidis

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3
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

A

Has low intrinsic virulence but can cause serious infections in immunocompromised or foreign body

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4
Q

Which endogenous bacteria are common opportunistic pathogens?

A

Staph epidermidis
Staph aureus
E.coli
Enterococci

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5
Q

Which exogenous bacteria are common opportunistic pathogens?

A 
Staph aureus and MRSA
Enterobacteriaecae
Pseudomonas
Listeria
TB
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6
Q

Which viruses are common opportunistic pathogens?

A

Herpes viruses
Polyomaviruses
Parvovirus B19
Hep B

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7
Q

Which fungi are common opportunistic pathogens?

A

Candida
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus neoformans
PCP

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8
Q

Which protozoa are common opportunistic pathogens?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Cryptosporidium parum

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9
Q

Which infections are neutropaenic patients more at risk of?

A

BSI and RTI

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10
Q

What are the sources of bacterial entry in a neutropaenic patient?

A

Chemo-induced mucositis
Breaks in GI lining
IV lines

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11
Q

Define neutropaenia?

A

Neutrophil count less than 500 cells/mm3

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12
Q

What pathogens commonly cause neutropaenic sepsis?

A

Gram + cocci
Gram - bacilli
Aspergillus and candida

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13
Q

What are the immune deficiencies in a post-transplant patient?

A

Lymphopaenia

Impaired cytokine release

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14
Q

What are the common infections in renal transplant patients?

A

UTIs
BSIs
CMV 2-4 months after
PCP after 4 months

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15
Q

What are the causes of immunodeficiency in a premature neonate?

A

Low body weight
Low antibody levels
Impaired migration of neutrophils
Impaired response to interferon

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16
Q

What are the common opportunistic pathogens in a premature neonate?

A 
E.coli
Group B strep
Listeria
Candida
Herpes simplex
17
Q

Which bacteria are most likely to colonise in wounds?

A

Staph aureus

Pseudomonas

18
Q

What investigations should be done if there is suspicion of an opportunistic infection?

A

Blood cultures
CT for aspergillosis
PCR for CMV
BAL for PCP

19
Q

What test might be a false negative in an immunosuppressed patient?

A

Serology

20
Q

What are the steps in treating a neutropaenic fever?

A
  1. Antibiotic with activity against pseudomonas (piperacillin and gentamicin)
  2. Add vancomycin to cover gram +
  3. Add anti-fungal
  4. Add anti-viral
21
Q

What are possible causes of ongoing pyrexia?

A 
Occult abscess
IV catheter infection
Antibiotic resistant organism
Profound neutropaenia
Invasive fungal disease
22
Q

What is the empiric treatment for invasive pulmonary fungal disease?

A

Amphotericin B

23
Q

What is the treatment for confirmed aspergillosis?

A

Voriconazole

FIM (44 decks)

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