Respiration

Question 1

What is produced from glycolysis

Answer 1

2 pyruvate
2 ATP (net)
2 NADH

Question 2

Glycolysis process

Answer 2

Glucose is converted to phosphorylase’s glucose using 2 ATP
Unstable phosphorylase’s glucose splits into 2 triose phosphate
Triose phosphate oxidised by NAD+ to pyruvate producing 2 reduced NAD and 4 ATP

Question 3

Link reaction process

Answer 3

Pyruvate undergoes carboxylation and oxidation to form acetate and reduces NAD
Acetate binds with co enzyme A to for Acetyl CoA
CoA takes acetate to krebs cycle

Question 4

What is rule of thumb about decarboxylation in the link reaction and kerbs cycle

Answer 4

Any time decarboxylation occurs, NAD+ is reduced

Question 5

Kerbs Cycle process

Answer 5

Acetyl binds with oxaloacetic (4c) to form citrate (6c), CoA leaves molecule and goes back to link reaction
Citrate is decarboxylised and oxidised into a 4c, losing 2CO2 per molecule and H+ to NAD+ and FAD+
ATP produced due to substrate level phosphorylation
4c oxaloacetic available to complete cycle again
2 cycles for 2 acetyl CoA form 2ATP

Question 6

Oxidative phosphorylation Process

Answer 6

Reduces NAD from krebs, link and glycolysis are oxidised, electrons reduce first carrier in ETC
Causes a series of redox reactions as electrons transfer between carriers, releasing energy
FADH donates e- to ETC
Energy from electrons used to actively transport H+ ions via proton pump from matrix to inner membrane space
Chemiosmotic gradient created
H+ diffuse via facilitated diffusion down conc gradient via ATP synthase channels, causing phosphorylation of ADP
Oxygen is final electron acceptor and H+ ions bind to form H20

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 7

Pyruvate is reduced by NADH into lactate, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate transported to liver and converters into glucose when in presence of O2

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast

Answer 8

Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation to form ethanal
Ethanal is reduced by NADH to form ethanol

Question 9

Where does glycolysis occur

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

Where does the link reaction occur

Answer 10

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 11

Where does the kreb cycle occur

Answer 11

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 12

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

Answer 12

Inner membrane of mitochondria