Gene mutations Flashcards
What are the types of gene mutation?
Substitution of base
Deletion of base
Addition of base
Duplication of base
Inversion of base
Translocation of base
What is inversion of bases?
Where a group of bases are seperated from the DNA sequence and rejoin but in the inverse order
What is translocation of bases?
Where a group of bases become separated from the DNA sequence on one chromosome and are inserted into the DNA sequence of another chromosome
What is the name for the causes of mutations?
Mutagenic agents
What are some mutagenic agents?
High energy ionising radiation
Chemicals
What is the benefit of mutation?
Necessary for genetic diversity and natural selection
What is the negative of mutation?
Almost always harmful to organism
What are the 3 possible consequences of a substitution mutation?
Forms stop codon so coding for proteins ends prematurely
Form different amino acid so tertiary structure is changed and possibly function
Produces same amino acid so no change to protein
What mutations cause a frame shift?
Deletion
Addition
Duplication
What is a frame shift?
Where the reading of the codons in a polypeptide chain shifts to the left or right from the point of mutation, changing how all the codons are read
