Locating genes, genetic screening, and counselling Flashcards
What is a DNA probe
Short single stranded length of DNA that has a label to make it identifiable.
2 types of probes
Radioactively labelled probes
Fluorescently labelled probes
How are radioactive probes used
Nucleotides with isotope 32P. Identified with x ray film
How are fluorescent probes used
Emit light under certain conditions.
How are DNA probes used? process
DNA probe has base sequence complementary to allele we want to find
DNA is separated into 2 strands
Separate strands mixed with probe which binds to complementary base sequence on one strand - DNA hybridisation
Site where probe binds can be identified by radioactivity or fluorescence
What is DNA hybridisation
When a section of DNA or RNA is combined with a single stranded section of DNA which has complementary bases
How is a DNA probe formed
Sequence of nucleotides is chosen and then is labelled. PCR is used to make many copies.
What is genetic screening
To check if a patient has a mutant allele and their probability of passing it on.
Why is genetic screening beneficial
Those at risk can take action to minimise risk earlier, avoid mutagens, make informed decisions about offspring and lifestyle.
What is personalised medicine
Where healthcare and advice of a patient is based upon their genotype. Unique to each person.
What is genetic counselling
Where advice and information is given that enable people to make personal decisions about themselves and their offspring.
Based off of genetic screening.
