HIV and Viruses(needsn finishing)

Question 1

Structure of HIV

Answer 1

Attachment proteins
Capsid
Lipid envelope
Matrix
Reverse transcriptase
RNA

Question 2

Replication of HIV

Answer 2

HIV enters bloodstream
Attachment protein binds with protein on Th cell
Protein capsid fuses with membrane, RNA and enzymes enter Th cell
Reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA
New DNA moves into Th cell nucleus
and mRNA from viral DNA is produced
mRNA leaves nucleus and uses cells protein synthesis mechanism to make HIV particles
HIV particles are replicated until lymphocyte is destroyed, releasing particles

Question 3

How does HIV cause aids

Answer 3

Specifically attacks Th cells
As a results, Th cells cannot stimulate B cells or cytotoxic T cells to perforate infected cells

Question 4

Why’s are antibiotics ineffective against Viral disease like aids

Answer 4

Viruses have no metabolic mechanisms or cell streuctures for the antibiotic to interrupt.
Also have a protein coat and so no attachment can occur
Antibiotic also won’t work inside organisms own cells where virus is

Question 5

What does the ELISA test stand for

Answer 5

Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay

Question 6

What does retrovirus mean

Answer 6

Virus that has ability to make DNA from RNA

Question 7

Viral replication

Answer 7

Attachment proteins on virus bind to receptors
Viral nucleic acid enters the cell
Nucleic acid is replicated in the cell OR reverse transcriptase turns RNA to DNA
Cell produces viral proteins
Virus assembled and released from cell

Question 8

Why are viruses called acellular

Answer 8

They lack cellular components and cannot reproduce outside of a cell