RESP Infection Flashcards
what is pharyngitis and tonsillar pharyngitis and what are the causes
inflammation of the back of the throat = sore throat and fever
virus most common - rhinovirus, COVID etc
bacteria - GABHS
rare diphtheria
what is infectious mononucleosis and its triad of symptoms
caused by EBV and CMV - inflamed tonsils and soft palate inflammation - posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
mainly in teenagers
fever, tonsillar pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy
what happens if given ampicillin to someone with infectious mononucleosis
mac-pap rash
what is epiglottitis
sudden onset sore throat an systemic symptoms with no inflammation of tonsil or oropharynx
always caused by bacterial infection
what in general terms in otitis externa
inflammation of the external ear canal with a combination of symptoms - otalgia, pruritus (itching) and non-mucoid ear discharge
what is the cause and treatment of acute otitis externa
90% bacteria - s. aureus or aeruginosa
remove pus and debris, analgesia and antimicrobials
what is malignant necrosotising external otitis, symptoms and treatment
affects base skull - life threatening
immunocomprismied or elderly
severe pain and otorrhea, cranial nerve palsies
referral to ENT
what are the symptoms of chronic otitis externa
blockage due to keratin and skin thickening - contact dermatitis due to another underlying cause
what is otitis media, subtypes and management
middle ear inflation and build up of fluid
common in children
uncomplicated
complicated - severe pain, perforated eardrum, mastoiditis
usually viral infection - amoxicillin
what is pinna cellulitis, complication and management
trauma such as ear piercing or surgery - aeruginosa or s, aureus infection
perichondritis - inflammation of connective tissue of the pinna - blood cultures for antibiotics
what is the definition of pneumonia
infection affecting the most distal airways and alveoli with formation of inflammatory exudate
what are the two anatomical patterns of pneumonia
bronchopneumonia - patchy on bronchioles
lobar pneumonia - affects entirety of alveoli - 90% s. pnuemia
what is community acquired pneumonia and what investigations are used for it
CAP
person to person, s. pneumonia or enterobacterase
CRUB65, sputum culture
what are the most common organisms to cause hospital acquired pneumonia
pseudomonas
which microbes cause aspiration pneumonia and what is it
anaerobes - abnormal entry of fluids into the lower respiratory tract
what are 4 types of atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydioophilia pneumonia / psittci
what type of pneumonia is associated with exposure to birds
chlamydiophilla psittaci
what are some complications of pneumonia
abscess, plural effusion, empyema
what are 4 types of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)
influenza
CMV
VZV
rhinovirus
what can influenza lead to and what are the common bacteria that cause it
viral pneumonia
bacterial pneumonia - H. influenza, s aureus
what LRT infection can result due to varicella zoster and who are most at risk
pneumonia - high mortality in adults
immuncomprimised, chronic lung disease patients and pregnant women
what is a LRTI complicatiion of CMV
pneumonia
what disease can bronchiectasis cause and why
LRTI’s as it makes lungs more vulnerable to infection - green sputum
which bacteria cause LRTI with CF in childhood compared to adolescence
s. aureus
pseudomonas aeruginosa
what is the presentation of aspergillosis
allergic reaction of lung - seen in immunocompromised as opportunistic
what is ABPA and its treatment
allergic bronchopulmoanry aspergillosis
high total IgE and specific IgG/E to aspergillus
corticosteroids and anti fungal therapy
what is pulmonary aspergilloma and it treatment
mobile mass of aspergillus
cough, weight loss, clubbing and massive haemoptysis
CRX scan and CT thorax
surgical resection and antifungals
what is PCP in lung infections - transmission, infection and treatment
pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia - opportunistic and resistant to a lot of anitfungals steroids and antimicrobials airborne route detect P. jiroveci DNA
what is nocardia asteroides and treatment
inhalation of nocardia - genus of bacteria - rare
antibiotics
what is the most frequent cause of infectious death
mycobacterium TB
what is the transmission route of mycobacterium TB
inhaled droplets which lodge in alveoli
what happens to mycobacterium TB depending on immunity
quiescent if good immunity or active / progressive in elderly or immunocmprimised
what vaccine is used to prevent TB
bacillus calmette guerin vaccine
