Antibacterial concepts Flashcards
what is antibiotic pharmacokinetics
varies between patient’s in how the antibiotic is distributed in the body and cleared
what is PTA in antibiotics
probability of target attainment
what are the two conceptual qualities you look for in an antibiotic
low toxicity and high PTA
what is the difference in using IV vs oral antibiotics
oral - slow absorption, requires small intestine, self administrative. cheaper
IV - faster, no bowel, side effects with IV, medical staff required
same efficacy and associated diarrhoea
when would you aim to start an antibiotic treatment
when benefits if starting are greater than disadvantages
what are the advantages and disadvantages of early antiobitc therapy
benefit - lower mortality and morbidity and prevents infection growing
dis - reduce time for cultures therefore less chance for targeted therapy
no time to check allergies
may give wrong antibiotics
what is a therapeutic window
high probability of PTA
what is surgical antibiotic prophylaxis
good level of antibiotic in the skin before surgical incision
what is antibiotic steward ship
inter-professional effort which promote using antimicrobials responsibly
what are the side affects of these antibiotics in pregnancy
quinolones
trimethoprim
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoin
anthropahthy in animal studies
teratogenic in 1st trimester
ototoxicity
avoid as term neo-natal haemolysis
how many people have a penicillin allergy and what other drugs are at risk of reaction
10%
cross react with other beta lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporins
what are the limitations of antibiotics
will not treat non-infectious diseases
some require surgical intervention as well
damage individuals normal flora
