GIT infections 2 Flashcards
what are the two ways to contract foodbourne gastroenteritis
intoxication or infection
what is distinctive about s aureus food intoxication
no fever present and little diarrhoea - nausea and vomiting
what are the two entertains formed by bacillus cereus food intoxication
heat stable emetic from - rice and starchy foods
heat labile diarrhoea from
what foods are clostridium perfrigens intoxication associated with
meat meat products
which toxin is given by clostridium botulinum food intoxication and what does it do
neurotoxin AB blocks neurotransmission = flaccid descending paralysis, blurred vision, dry mouth
infant botulism can be contract from which foods
honey spores
describe salmonella gastroenteritis infection
gram negative anaerobes
non lactose fermenters
killed by gastric acid so need high numbers - from chickens reptiles birds and humans
usually left limiting but if needed ciprofloxacin
describe dysnetry and another name for it
gram negative anaerobe
resistant to gastric acid so low numbers needed to infect - shiga toxin
(shigella)
faecal oral route - fluid and electrolyte loss
self limiting - stop any use of ammodium
what are the presentations of salmonella infection
nausea abdominal cramps vomiting diarrhoea fever / headache
what are the presentations of dysentery (shigella)
watery diarrhoea
bloody mucoid stool
abdominal pain
describe campylobacter gastroenteritis infection and treatment and symptoms
microairophile - negative
heat labile toxin invades epithelial cells associated with birds
self limiting and only antibiotics with severe symptoms such as high fever, bloody diarrhoea, malaise, myalgia, headache vomiting
describe e coli infection and associated features
normal gut flora - 0157:H7
produce shiva toxin
abdominal pain, haemorrhage colitis, abdominal pain
associated with cattle and meat
acquire haemolytic uraemia syndrome
what are 5 types of viral gastroenteritis and main features
rotavirus - D + V, major cause of D in young
adenovirus - young
norovirus - 1-2 day cold
astrovirus - watery diarrhoea (nursing homes)
calicivirus - shelfish
what is amoebic dysentery
entamoeba histolytica parasite - cyst from can cause extra intestinal disease contaminated food and water abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tenesmus, malaise liver abscess
what is cryptosporidosis
parasite - cryptosporidosis parvum
severe chronic diarrhoea
cysts in faeces
what is giardiasis
parasite - most common protozoan parasite infection
water contaminant - chronic releasing disease, sudden onset, flatulence, abdominal cramps - antibiotics for confirmed diagnosis = metronidazole
describe cholera infection
neg rod 01 serotype normal non01 = milder disease need high infection rapid fluid loss from gut rice water stool hypovolumic shock, metabolic acidosis - death if untreated
what is enteric fevers and the two types
salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi
1st week = fever headache myalgia, malaise, diarrhoea
2nd week = diarrhoea splenomegaly high fever rose spots
need immediate antibiotic treatment with azithromycin
what is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and what can it lead to
c difficile infection produce A/B toxins - watery diarrhoea and stomach cramps
leads to fulminant colitis and pseudomembranous colitis
describe infection by streptococcus gallolyticus
pos bacillus
infective endocaridits and septicaemia in elderly - associated with CRC = inflammatory response and microbial imbalance
describe gastrointestinal TB and with treatment
most commonly present AS pulmonary TB
abdominal pain, weight loss anaemia, nigh sweats
confused with other diseases
people with TB without CNS involvement give isoniazid and rifampicin
