Infection - child/preg Flashcards
how does pregnancy affect infection
doesn’t alter resistance but infections can be more severe and affect foetus
what acronym is used for infections that cause congenital abnormalities during pregnancy
TORCH
what are the infections of TORCH which are of significance during pregnancy
Toxoplasmosis - parasite from cat faeces
Other - syphilis, zika, parvo B19, VZV
rubella - rare due to MMR
CMV - hearing/visual/learning impairment
Herpes simplex/HIV
how do these virus affect the newborn parvovirus B19 sypillis VZV Zika
anaemia, foetal hydros and foetal death
birth abnormalities
severe consequnce s
microcephaly and congenoal deformities
which infections acquired during passage through the brith canal affect the foetus
group B streps, HSV, gonorrhoea, chlyamydia, HIV and Hep B
what can a UTI cause during pregnancy and how can that affect the foetus
preceded by asymptomatic bacteriuria - can lead to acute pyelonephritis
what are the causative organisms of intra amniotic infections
GBS
e coli
genital mycoplasma
what structures do chorioamnioitis affect
umbilical cord, amniotic membrane / fluid and placenta
what is puerperal endometritis and what can it lead to
infection of uterus during puerperium (6 week period after delivery) - can develop into puerperal sepsis
what is early onset neonatal sepsis and what causes it
EOS
develops within 72 hours delivery - infection from mother via vertical transmission
death 1 in 4
mostly GBS (group B streps)
what is late onset neonatal sepsis and what causes it
LOS
after 72 hours delivery - usually staphs
more likely to have candida infections
why are children more prone to infection
hand mouth behaviour, hygiene skills, immature immune system and close contact with others
what are three examples of URTI in children
common cold
acute tonsillitis / tonsillar pharnegitis - usually viral cause
acute otitis media
what is the main cause of LRTI in children
viruses
what are three examples of LRTI in children
pneumonia
acute bronchitis
bronchiolitis
what is pertussis and its 3 stages
whooping cough - affects children before vaccination
1) catarrhal phase(7-10 days) - cold symptoms
2) paroxysmal phase (2-6 weeks) - whooping cough, gasping insp
3) convalescent phase - recovery
what is pertussis caused by
bordatella pertussis - highly communicable
what are the symptoms of meningitis
fever, lethargy, convulsions, spasms arching neck and spine
what are the causes of meningitis
bacterial - mainly GBS
what is the quickest way to diagnose meningitis
polymorphs predominan tin CSF
what is the most common infection of the CNS in under 1 years olds
viral meningitis
what are th causative organisms of viral meningitis
enteroviruses
how do you test for viral meningitis
mononuclear lymphocytes in the CSF
what by definition is meningococcaemia
N. meningitides in the bloodstream - meningococcal septicaemia
what is the most common cause of UTI in children
e coli
what type of symptoms do infants have to UTI
non-specific symptoms - fever, vomiting, poor appetite
what is impetigo, causes and treatment
bulluos, honey crusting due to s. aureus or strep pyrogens
very contagious - face and mouth direct contact
topical antibiotics or flucoxacillin
what is scarlett fever and the treatment
develops 2-4 days after strep pharyngitis
flushed face, strawberry tongue and sandpaper skin
school age children
penecillin for 10 days
