Infect - ortho, skin, tissue Flashcards
what are three functions of the skin
physical barrier
homestasis
immunological function
what are the normal flora of the skin
coagulase neg staph (epidermis), staph aureus, proppionbacterium, corynebacterium
what is the pathogenesis of soft tissue and skin infection (SSTI)
localised infection - penetration with contamination
neurological migration of HSV1/2
systemic infection
what is the cause, presentation and treatment of viral warts
HPV
proliferation and ricking of stratum corner, granulosum and spinosum
topical creams and HPV Vaccine
what can ingrown hairs forming pus and swelling lead to
pilonidal cysts or abscesses
what is the description, cause and treatment of impetigo
superficial skin infection - crusting mouth or nose - s. aureus
highly contagious
topical or oral antibiotics
what is erysipelas, bacterial cause and treatment
rash over face - upper dermis infection but can involve lymphatics
strep A pyogenes
oral antibiotics
what is cellulitis and its cause
infection affecting inner layers of skin - dermis and subcutaneous fat into lymphatics
what is the cause and pathogenesis of cellulitis
s. aureus, GAS, GBS - bacteria enter through breaks in skin
what are the clinical features of cellulitis
rubor, calor, dolor, tumour
inflammation signs
loss of skin creases
describe a facial subtype of cellulitis
orbital
infection of soft tissue around and behind the eye via infection from the skin or sinuses
what is necrotising fascitis
flesh eating bug, life threatening - tracking along fascia, cut of blood supply and necrosis
what are the 4 main types of necrotising fascitis
1 - synergistic/poly microbial (risk diabetes, alcohol etc)
2 - group a strep mediated (younger people)
3 - vibrio vulnificus (sea water)
4 - fungal - rare
where would you see fournier gangrene
type 1 necrotising fascitis
what are the two types of pathogenesis of necrotising fascitis
type 1 - ischaemic, colonisation then infection resulting in further necrosis
type 2 - infection, toxin release, disruption blood supply = necrosis
what is the presentation and treatment of necrotising fasciitis
swelling, pain, sepsis, necrosis
debridement and antibiotics
what is the pathogenesis of gangrene
poor blood flow, necrosis, colonisation, infection and more necrosis
what are the risk factors and cause of gangrene
atherosclerosis, smoking, DM, autoimmune
skin via staph, strep, enteric bacteria such as e coli
name three types of gangrene
dry - mummified
wet - boggy, swollen
gas - crepitus
what is a diabetic foot
spectrum disease from superficial to deep bone formation
what is the pathogenesis of diabetic foot
damage to blood vessels, damage to nerves, high blood sugars
caused be deep or superficial bacteria
what is osteomyelitis and the mechanism of infection
infection of the bone contagious from diabetic foot haematogenous - bacteria trauma sickel cell - salmonella
which condition would you see blood cultures of bacteria and pathological fracture
osteomyelitis
wha is the difference between acute and chronic osteomyelitis
acute - associated with inflammation, sepsis
chronic - more than a month - acute flares
what is sequestrum and involucrum
infection results in bone death
new bone formation
what is septic / pyogenic arthritis and the diagnosis
infection of the joint
bacterial cause
confirmation of joint aspiration
what are the causes of prosthetic joint infection
microbes or bug on foreign surface - establish biofilm
early (s. aureus/epidermis) and late (e coli)
what are the causes of syphillis
STI/congenital
treponema pallidum
what are the three types of syphillis
primary - chancre, painless non itchy ulcer, lymphadenopathy
secondary - 4-6 weeks after chancre, rash everywhere
tertiary - 3-15 years after infection - neurological, gummatous, cardiovascular
what is the treatment for syphillis
penecillin
