Path head/neck Flashcards
what is the difference between vocal cord nodules and polyps
nodules - bilateral usually on middle 1/3
polyps - unilateral - usually in reinkes space - anterior half
who is mostly affected by vocal cord polyps and what is the cause
young women - vocal abuse and phonation changes such as trauma to tissues
what is the early and late stage changes to vocal cord polyps/nodules
initially stroma is oedematous then hyaline change to fibrosis
describe precursor lesion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
squamous lesions with an increased risk of progression to carcinoma - glottis area most affected
associated with smoking and alcohol
M>F 60’s
what is a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and who does it affect more
malignant tumour via squamous differentiation
M>F - tobacco and smoking
what is the effect of alcohol and tobacco on cancer progression
activate oncogenes, inactive TSG, inhibit apoptosis, progression of cell proliferation
what are sino-nasal polyps, features, cause and what is it similar to
polypoid lesions formed by expansion of the lamina proprietary by fluids protein and fibrosis in nasal and paranasal sinuses
features - eosinophils, rhinorrhea, obstruction, headache
cause - allergy, infection
look slike rhabdomyosarcoma
what is allergic fungal sinusitis, features and treatment
allergic response to fungal allergens more common in warmer climates
peripheral eosinophilia and elevated anti fungal IgG
nasal discharge
steroids and removal from area
which head and neck disease would you see charcot leyden crystals
allergic fungal sinusitis
what is oral lichen planus, features and associated risk
common and chronic self limiting inflammatory mucocutaenous disorder of unknown cause
reticular variant - wickems straie
erosive variant - atrophic oedematous mucosa with ulceration
associated with increased risk of malignant disease
what is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and what is it preceded by
squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx - epithelium lining
often preceded by leukoplakia, erythroplakia
give examples of benign neoplasms of the salivary gland
warthins tumour - pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma
describe a pleomorphic adenoma, features and risk
benign neoplasm composed of ductal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells with mesenchymal stroma
asymp and slow growing mass
1% risk malignant
what is the most common salivary gland neoplasm
pleomorphic adenoma
describe an example of a malignant neoplasms of salivary glands
adenoid cystic carcinoma
high metastatic rate
basaxoid tumour consisting of epithelial and myoepithelial cells
