Ovarian/Uterine Path

Question 1

what is the definition of endometriosis

Answer 1

normal endometrial lining growing outside the cavity - causes bleeding into tissues - inflammation and fibrosis

Question 2

what are the causes of endometriosis

Answer 2

unknown - regurgitation theory

Question 3

what are the complications, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis

Answer 3

ectopic pregnancy - ovarian cancer, IBD
d - laparoscopy
t - medical (combined oral pill), GnRH agonist/antagonist
surgical - TAH-BSO

Question 4

what are the causes of inflammation within the uterus

Answer 4

pelvic inflammatory disease, TB, infection, IUCD

Question 5

during inflammation of the endometrium what is the normal cell types present

Answer 5

high lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 6

what are endometrial polyps

Answer 6

sessile (flat) or polypoid (have a stalk) oestrodial dependant uterine overgrowths

Question 7

what is the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps

Answer 7

hysteroscopy
medical - progesterone / GnRH agonist
surgical - curettage

Question 8

what is another name for uterine fibroids

Answer 8

leiomyoma

Question 9

what by definition is a leimyoma

Answer 9

uterine fibroids

benign tumours of myometrium with oestrdiol / progesterone dependant growth

Question 10

what are the risk factors of leiomyoma

Answer 10

genetics, nulliparity (never give birth), obesity , hypertension

Question 11

what is the treatment for myeloma

Answer 11

coil, NSAIDS, progesterone, iron

surgical, artery embolisation or ablation

Question 12

if you a woman has increased estradiol and deceased progesterone what can this lead to

Answer 12

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 13

what is polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer 13

endocrine disorder causing hyperandrogegism and menstural abnormalities leading polycystic ovaries

Question 14

what is the rotterdam criteria used for

Answer 14

polycytisc ovary syndrome

Question 15

what are the two types of gonadal failure

Answer 15

hypergonadotropic hyopgonadism - primary gonadal failure

hypogondotrophic hypogonadism - secondary gonadal failure

Question 16

what are the congenital causes of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism vs acquired

Answer 16

turners or klinefelters syndrome

infection, surgery, chemo, toxins affecting gonads

Question 17

what is the presentation of gondal failure

Answer 17

amenorrhoea, delayed puberty, deacrsed sex hormones

Question 18

how can you treat gondal failure

Answer 18

HRT

Question 19

what are three origins of ovarian neoplasm

Answer 19

surface epithelial tumours
germ cell tumours
sex cord stromal tumours

Question 20

which type of tumour is the most common ovarian neoplasm

Answer 20

epithelial tumours 90%

Question 21

what are the three subtypes of ovarian epithelial tumour

Answer 21

serious (tubal)
mucinous (endocervical)
endometriod (endometrium)

Question 22

which subtype of epithelial ovarian tumours is the most common

Answer 22

serous cystuadenocarcinoma

malignant ovarian tumour of serious subtype and cystic variant

Question 23

what are these germ cells tumours 
dysgerminomas
teratoma
yolk sac tumour 
 choriocarcinoma

Answer 23

tumour of oogonias - malignant but chemosesntive (immture oocyte)

teratoma - show all three germ cell layers - mature and benign

tumour of yolk sac - chemosensitve

tumour of placenta cells - often unresponsive

Question 24

what are the sex cords where tumours can from

Answer 24

from the surface epithelium of the ovary to surround the primordial follicles - part of the ovarian stroma

Question 25

what does a sex cord stromal tumour do

Answer 25

produce cells of the opposite sex

Question 26

what is Meigs syndrome

Answer 26

ovarian tumour - ascites, right sided pleural effusion - sex cord stromal tumours

Question 27

what type of sex cord stromal tumour occurs in juvenile and adults and produces estradiol

Answer 27

granulose cell tumour

Question 28

what is produced during a sertoli - leydig cell tumour

Answer 28

androgens

Question 29

what staging is used for ovarian cancer

Answer 29

FIGO

Question 30

where would you find a Krukenberg tumour

Answer 30

GIT due to lymphatic spread of ovarian metastatic tumour

Question 31

what is a mullein tumour

Answer 31

ovarian metastatic tumour