Infection in compromised host Flashcards
define immunocompromised
disruption of specific defence of an organ humeral or cellular
what are 5 types of innate defences
skin mucous membrane lungs proteins - interferons, complement flora in gut
what type of people are more commonly immunocompromised
elderly or neonates
pregnant
malnourished
what is the second line of defence after the skin
neutrophils
what are the two types of neutrophil defects
qualitative
quantitate
what are the qualitative defects of neutrophils
chemotaxis - rare congenital - inadequate signalling
what are some causes of quantitative defects of neutrophils
chemo, bacterial infections
fungal infections
what is neutropenia
lack of neutrophils
less than 0.5x10^9
what is a pseudomona and what is the treatment
bacteria infection from soil
lethal in neutropenic patients
antipseudoomonal penecillin with gentamicin
give an example of a congenital T cell deficiency
hypogammaglobulinaemia
T helper dysfunction
what are the two types of acquired T cells deficiency
drugs - ciclosporin after transplantation, steroids
viruses - HIV
which type of opportunistic bacterial pathogens target T cell deficient patients
listeria monocytogenese (dairy products) mycobacteria (TB)
which type of opportunistic viral pathogens target T cell deficient patients
HSV
CMV
VZV
which type of opportunistic fungal pathogens target T cell deficient patients
candida spp
crypto coccus spp
which type of opportunistic protazoan/parasitic pathogens target T cell deficient patients
cryptosporidium parvum - oocysts shed by catches / humans - faecal oral
toxoplasma gondii - from cats - mainly risk of pregnant women with cats
what are the characteristics of hypogammaglobulinaemias, causes and treatment
low antibodies congenital - x linked acquired - multiple myeloma encapsulated bacteria - s. pneumonia parasitic - giardia lambita
immunoglobulin long term
complement deficiency leads to what types of infection
from encapsulated bacteria
N. meningitiids
S. pneumonia
what are the infection risks of a splenectomy
spleen is a source of complement and antibody producing b cells
risks to - Strep. Pneumonia, influenza B, n. menin, malaria
plasmodium falciparum
how do organ transplant causes immunodeficiency
anti-rejection treatment - surprises cell mediated immunity and CD8 intervention
what are the 5 stages of transplant infection
initial disease surgery and admission organ receipt opportunistic infection during initial immunosuppression later opportunistic infection
what are the general principles of management of immunocompromised patients
prevention of infection
hand washing
aseptic technique
vaccines
why should you be cautious with vaccines in immunocompriised patients
can’t use live vaccines in T cell deficient patients
