Liver+GB path

Question 1

describe adenoma of liver cells vs bile ducts

Answer 1

benign proliferation of liver cells - driven by exogenous steroids
bile duct adenoma = von meyenberg complex - looks like metastasis

Question 2

what are two types of liver tumours of blood vessels

Answer 2

haemangioma

focal nodular hyperplasia - common in young females

Question 3

describe 3 types of malignant liver tumours

Answer 3

hepatocellulr carcinoma - from cirrhosis, secrete alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

cholangiocarcinoma - bile duct cells - chronic inflammation from primary sclerosis cholangitis or liver fluke - firm hard tumours

angiosarcoma - strongly associated with toxins (vinyl chloride and thorotrast (no treatment)

Question 4

which disease secrete AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

Answer 4

yolk sac tumours and hepatocellulr carcinoma

Question 5

describe the presentation of secondary tumours in the liver

Answer 5

majority are = metastases

multiple whitish nodules

Question 6

where are the most common sites for secondary liver tumour origin

Answer 6

lung, breast, colon, pancreas

Question 7

what is the cause of gall stones and risk factors

Answer 7

excess cholesterol, bile salts, bacterial growth, calcification = stone
females, overweight, cramps pain and biliary colic

Question 8

what are the complications of gall stones

Answer 8

obstruction at: neck = pain
pancreatic level = pancreatitis
common duct = jaundice

chronic colecysitis
perforation

Question 9

what is chronic colescystits

Answer 9

compilation in gall bladder
inflammation = ulceration and fibrosis
upper right quadrant pain, fever, jaundice
treat with cholecystectomy