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Year 2 - Clinical Pathology > GIT infections > Flashcards

GIT infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of sterile and non-sterile sites

A

sterile - peritoneal space, pancreas, gall bladder, liver

non- intraluminal, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, bowel

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2
Q 
what normal flora are found in these locations and what they can cause on infections 
enteric tract 
nose
mouth 
haemophilus
A

enterococcus
s. aures = SSTI
s. viridian’s - gum brushing = endocarditis
pharynx - move from URT - LRT = pneumonia

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3
Q

what is angular cheilitis and what is it caused by

A

inflammation of skin and contiguous labial mucosa act lateral commissure of mouth
caused by excessive moisture - saliva and secondary infection with albicans (common in people with denchers)

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4
Q

which people are more susceptible to angular cheilits and why

A

drooling and dropping of corners of mouth from elderly and those wearing fake teeth

young children - sucking thumb and lip licking

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5
Q

what is hairy leukoplakia and what is it caused by

A

white plaques on the tongue seen in HIV patients caused by EBV = glandular fever

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6
Q

give three types of dentoalveolar infections (teeth)

A

caries - bacterial plaques on teeth - strep mutant and lactobacillus
pulpitis
periapical abscess - strep and anaerobes

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7
Q

what are periodontal infections and give 4 examples

A

plaque beneath the gingival margin
gingivitis - bacterial gum infection, painful bleeding gums
peridonitis - progression of gingivitis - loss of connective tissue
periodontal abscess - tender palpation
Vincents angina - acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis - infection into deep neck spaces

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8
Q

what is alveolar bone

A

thickened ridge of bone that contains tooth sockets

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9
Q

why are deep neck space infections dangerous

A

rapid onset and progress to life threatening complications

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10
Q

what is a quinsy abscess

A

peitonsillar abscess - strep pyogenes

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11
Q

which deep neck space infection is caused by staph aureus

A

acute suppurative parotitis

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12
Q

what is ludwigs angina

A

submandibular space infections - from abscesses

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13
Q

what are the most serious types of deep space infection

A

retro pharyngeal abscesses - lead to mediastinum infection and empyema

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14
Q

what is the most serious compilation of retropharyngeal deep space infection

A

acute necrotising mediastinitis

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15
Q

what is mucositis and the cause and risks

A

inflammation of the mucus membranes of the GIT - chemotherapy induced
increased risk of bacteriameia via strep viridian’s

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16
Q

what are some of the causes of oesophageal rupture

A

effort - severe straining or vomiting, boerhaave syndrome

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17
Q

what is the consequence of and oesophageal rupture

A

chemical mediastinitis = bacterial infection and necrosis

18
Q

what is the boerhavve feature in oesophageal rupture

A

excruciating retrosternal chest pain due to intrathoracic oesophageal perforation

19
Q

which disease would you see crepitus

A

in oesophageal rupture when you palpate the chest due to subcutaneous emphysema (cracking sound)

20
Q

what is hammans signs

A

crunching/crackling sound in mediastinal emphysema from oesophageal rupture

21
Q

how does heliobactor pylori infection occur

A

bacterial urease hydrolyses gastric luminal urea to form ammonia that neutralises gastric acid - protection and allow penetration of gastric mucus layer

22
Q

what are the clinical features and tests for H pylori infection

A

pain, bleeding, perforation, ulcers - ulcer disease

urease breath test
faecal antigen test

23
Q

what are two types of biliary tract infection

A

cholangitis

cholecystitis

24
Q

what is cholangitis

A

(common bile duct enterobacteiase infection)
fever, abdominal pain, jaundice = charots triad
elevations in ALP, GGT and bilirubin

25
Q

what cholecystitis

A

gall bladder infection
abdominal pain, fever
murphys sign - pain one inspiration and R subcostal pain

26
Q

what is bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine associated with

A

malabsorption or chronic diarrhoea

27
Q

what are some causes of bacterial overgrowth of small intestine

A

achlorhydria (lack HCL)

impaired motility

28
Q

what is whipples disease

A

tropheryma whipple - joint symptoms, GI pain, weight loss - white plaques in distal duodenum representing engroged lymph vessels

29
Q

if cholangitis isn’t treated what can happen to the liver and how do you test for this

A

liver abscess as infection ascending biliary tract into portal vein - entamoeba histolytica

serum ALP increased and bilirubin + aspartate aminotranferase

30
Q

what is entamoeba histolytica

A

parasite
cyst stage - infective from
trophozoite stage - invasive disease
= amoebic liver abscesses

31
Q

what does a hydatid cyst cause and what is is from

A

liver abscesses

from farms with animals

32
Q

where is the most common site for TB in the GIT

A

ileo-caecal

33
Q

what is diverticulitis and common pain location

A

outpouching then inflammation - left iliac fossa pain

not infectious cause

34
Q

what is the most likely cause of intra-peritoneal abscess and what are the predisposing factors

A

anaerobes

perforation, necrosis or infarction

35
Q

which disease would you see swinging pyrexia

A

temp up and down in intra peritoneal abscess

36
Q

what do symptoms of intra-peritoneal abscess depend on

A

location of abscess - near bowel then diarrhoea

near stomach then nausea

37
Q

which structures are related to subphrenic abscess and what are the clinical features

A

between diaphragm, liver and spleen

pain in shoulder on affected side - hiccup and hepatomegaly

38
Q

what are the symptoms of pelvic abscess

A

urinary frequency, urge (tenesmus)

39
Q

what is sponteaous bacterial peritonitis and treatment

A

ascitic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgical treatable cure - mesenteric lymph node infection - antibiotic treatment

40
Q

what GIT disease are associated with strep bovis/gallolyticus

A

colonic malignancy and endocarditis

Year 2 - Clinical Pathology (67 decks)

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