Renal Flashcards
A bundle of capillaries where filtration occurs in the nephron.
Glomerulus
Sends good blood back to the rest of the body.
Renal Vein
Kidneys should be producing _______ ml/hr to get enough blood flow.
30 ml/hr
What are the 3 main functions of the kidneys?
- Remove toxins
- Maintain electrolyte balance
- Regulate water balance
What three things does the kidneys produce?
- Bicarbonate - acid base balance
- Erythropoietin - control RBC production
- Activates Vitamin D - controls calcium levels
The _________ system _________ blood pressure.
RAAS / increases
To increase the BP the kidneys secrete an enzyme called ________.
Renin
Angiotensin II __________ the blood vessels to _______ the BP.
vasoconstricts / increase
What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Aldosterone
Aldosterone ________ NA in the blood vessels.
reabsorbs.
What stimulates Renin? (5)
- decreased renal blood flow
- sympathetic input - fight or flight
- Epi/ Nor-epi
- Early in the day
- Standing up - change in pressure
What inhibits Renin? (6)
- Adenosine
- Angiotensin II
- Adrenergic blockers (BB’s)
- Aldosterone
- Later in the day
- Laying down
2 antihypertensives that act on the RAAS system?
Ace / ARBs
3 common diuretics clients use?
- Furosemide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Sprionolactone
Use your ________ hand to spread the labia when inserting a foley Cath.
non-dominant
When inserting a foley cath should you use clean or sterile technique?
sterile technique
Collect urine samples from the _______ of the foley.
port
Name 6 expected assessment findings of a UTI.
- Dark colored urine
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- Pain in pelvis
- dysuria - pain while urinating
- strong or foul smelling urine
- increased urinary urgency / frequency
3 treatments for UTI
- Hydration
- ATB
- Cranberry
An acute inflammation of the kidney at the nephron.
Glomerulunephritis
_____ is the #1 cause of Glomerulunephritis.
Strep
In Glomerulonephritis filtering capability __________.
decreases
_____ is often the first sign go glomerulonephritis.
Sore throat
1 key assessment of GLNP is?
increased BUN / Creatinine
4 assessments of GLNP?
- Malaise
- HA
- Flank pain
- HPTN
- Decreased UO
3 urine assessments of GLNP
- Increased USG
- sediment in urine
- blood in the urine
4 TX’s of GLNP.
- ANTB
- Strict I & O
- Rest
- Monitor BP
A client with glomerulonephrotis should ________ protein and __________. carbs.
decrease / increase
A disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine.
Nephrotic Syndrome
With Nephrotic syndrome there is no _______ in the blood d/t ________ ________.
protein / third-spacing
What causes nephrotic syndrome? (2)
- inflammation
- NSAIDS
4 key assessments nephrotic syndrome?
- Proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia (low albumin in the blood)
- Edema
- Hyperlipidemia
The liver makes ________, ________, and _________.
clotting factors, albumin, and cholesterol.
Tx for nephrotic syndrome. Name 3
- High protein diet
- Statins
- ACE - turn off RAAS system
Blood cannot get to the kidneys d/t hypotension, hypovolemia, or shock is ______ failure.
Pre-renal
Damage inside the kidney from nephrotic syndrome, nephrotoxic drugs, etc is _____ failure.
Intra-renal
Blocking urine from leaving the kidneys such as kidney stones, tumors, enlarged prostate is _______ failure.
Post-renal
stage 1 eGFR
90 or greater
stage 2 eGFR
60-89
stage 3(A) eGFR
45-59
stage 3(B) eGFR
30-44
stage 4 eGFR
15-29
stage 5 eGFR
<15
In Late stage CKD there will be a lot of ______ retention.
potassium
3 signs of hyperkalemia?
- Muscle weakness/ cramps
- ECG changes
- Fibrillation
3 signs of urea build up in the blood.
- Neuro changes
- GI changes (anorexia, vomiting)
- Skin changes (uremic frost)
CKD renal diet (3)
- Low sodium
- Low phosphorus
- Low protein
When in CKD do not take _________ or ________ medications.
Potassium sparing / Ace inhibitors
_________ and _______ are in dialysate to prevent clots and for diabetics.
heparin / insulin
______ the dialysate to room temp.
warm
Hydronephrosis is when there is too much _________ in the kidneys.
water
Epididymitits is ________ of the outer taste layer.
inflammation
