Renal

Question 1

A bundle of capillaries where filtration occurs in the nephron.

Answer 1

Glomerulus

Question 2

Sends good blood back to the rest of the body.

Answer 2

Renal Vein

Question 3

Kidneys should be producing _______ ml/hr to get enough blood flow.

Answer 3

30 ml/hr

Question 4

What are the 3 main functions of the kidneys?

Answer 4

1. Remove toxins
2. Maintain electrolyte balance
3. Regulate water balance

Question 5

What three things does the kidneys produce?

Answer 5

1. Bicarbonate - acid base balance
2. Erythropoietin - control RBC production
3. Activates Vitamin D - controls calcium levels

Question 6

The _________ system _________ blood pressure.

Answer 6

RAAS / increases

Question 7

To increase the BP the kidneys secrete an enzyme called ________.

Answer 7

Renin

Question 8

Angiotensin II __________ the blood vessels to _______ the BP.

Answer 8

vasoconstricts / increase

Question 9

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Aldosterone ________ NA in the blood vessels.

Answer 10

reabsorbs.

Question 11

What stimulates Renin? (5)

Answer 11

1. decreased renal blood flow
2. sympathetic input - fight or flight
3. Epi/ Nor-epi
4. Early in the day
5. Standing up - change in pressure

Question 12

What inhibits Renin? (6)

Answer 12

1. Adenosine
2. Angiotensin II
3. Adrenergic blockers (BB’s)
4. Aldosterone
5. Later in the day
6. Laying down

Question 13

2 antihypertensives that act on the RAAS system?

Answer 13

Ace / ARBs

Question 14

3 common diuretics clients use?

Answer 14

1. Furosemide
2. Hydrochlorothiazide
3. Sprionolactone

Question 15

Use your ________ hand to spread the labia when inserting a foley Cath.

Answer 15

non-dominant

Question 16

When inserting a foley cath should you use clean or sterile technique?

Answer 16

sterile technique

Question 17

Collect urine samples from the _______ of the foley.

Answer 17

port

Question 18

Name 6 expected assessment findings of a UTI.

Answer 18

1. Dark colored urine
2. Blood in urine (hematuria)
3. Pain in pelvis
4. dysuria - pain while urinating
5. strong or foul smelling urine
6. increased urinary urgency / frequency

Question 19

3 treatments for UTI

Answer 19

1. Hydration
2. ATB
3. Cranberry

Question 20

An acute inflammation of the kidney at the nephron.

Answer 20

Glomerulunephritis

Question 21

_____ is the #1 cause of Glomerulunephritis.

Answer 21

Strep

Question 22

In Glomerulonephritis filtering capability __________.

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

_____ is often the first sign go glomerulonephritis.

Answer 23

Sore throat

Question 24

1 key assessment of GLNP is?

Answer 24

increased BUN / Creatinine

Question 25

4 assessments of GLNP?

Answer 25

1. Malaise
2. HA
3. Flank pain
4. HPTN
5. Decreased UO

Question 26

3 urine assessments of GLNP

Answer 26

1. Increased USG
2. sediment in urine
3. blood in the urine

Question 27

4 TX’s of GLNP.

Answer 27

1. ANTB
2. Strict I & O
3. Rest
4. Monitor BP

Question 28

A client with glomerulonephrotis should ________ protein and __________. carbs.

Answer 28

decrease / increase

Question 29

A disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine.

Answer 29

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 30

With Nephrotic syndrome there is no _______ in the blood d/t ________ ________.

Answer 30

protein / third-spacing

Question 31

What causes nephrotic syndrome? (2)

Answer 31

1. inflammation
2. NSAIDS

Question 32

4 key assessments nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 32

1. Proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminemia (low albumin in the blood)
3. Edema
4. Hyperlipidemia

Question 33

The liver makes ________, ________, and _________.

Answer 33

clotting factors, albumin, and cholesterol.

Question 34

Tx for nephrotic syndrome. Name 3

Answer 34

1. High protein diet
2. Statins
3. ACE - turn off RAAS system

Question 35

Blood cannot get to the kidneys d/t hypotension, hypovolemia, or shock is ______ failure.

Answer 35

Pre-renal

Question 36

Damage inside the kidney from nephrotic syndrome, nephrotoxic drugs, etc is _____ failure.

Answer 36

Intra-renal

Question 37

Blocking urine from leaving the kidneys such as kidney stones, tumors, enlarged prostate is _______ failure.

Answer 37

Post-renal

Question 38

stage 1 eGFR

Answer 38

90 or greater

Question 39

stage 2 eGFR

Answer 39

60-89

Question 40

stage 3(A) eGFR

Answer 40

45-59

Question 41

stage 3(B) eGFR

Answer 41

30-44

Question 42

stage 4 eGFR

Answer 42

15-29

Question 43

stage 5 eGFR

Answer 43

<15

Question 44

In Late stage CKD there will be a lot of ______ retention.

Answer 44

potassium

Question 45

3 signs of hyperkalemia?

Answer 45

1. Muscle weakness/ cramps
2. ECG changes
3. Fibrillation

Question 46

3 signs of urea build up in the blood.

Answer 46

1. Neuro changes
2. GI changes (anorexia, vomiting)
3. Skin changes (uremic frost)

Question 47

CKD renal diet (3)

Answer 47

1. Low sodium
2. Low phosphorus
3. Low protein

Question 48

When in CKD do not take _________ or ________ medications.

Answer 48

Potassium sparing / Ace inhibitors

Question 49

_________ and _______ are in dialysate to prevent clots and for diabetics.

Answer 49

heparin / insulin

Question 50

______ the dialysate to room temp.

Answer 50

warm

Question 51

Hydronephrosis is when there is too much _________ in the kidneys.

Answer 51

water

Question 52

Epididymitits is ________ of the outer taste layer.

Answer 52

inflammation