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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Nervous System - Disorders > Flashcards

Nervous System - Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 causes of hydrocephalus?

A
  1. tumor
  2. hemorrhage
  3. Infection
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2
Q

You can treat hydrocephalus with a ____ or ____ _____.

A

EVD or VP shunt

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3
Q

It’s important to keep the EVD level with the _____ ______ ____ ____.

A

tragus of the ear

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4
Q

When a patient with EVD stands up you need to ______ the drain.

A

clamp

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5
Q

A VP shunt drains the extra CSF to the?

A

abdomen (excreted in the urine)

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6
Q

What is a atonic seizure?

A

A seizure where there is abrupt loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, then confusion.

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7
Q

This seizure there is no loss of consciousness, may experience twitching, sensory changes, or autonomic symptoms.

A

Simple seizure

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8
Q

This type of seizure is impaired consciousness ranging from confusion to syncope and/or non-responsiveness.

A

complex

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9
Q

lorazepam is _____ acting.

A

rapid acting

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10
Q

What should you never do with anticonvulsant medications?

A

Stop taking abruptly

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11
Q

Phenytoin is ____ acting.

A

long acting

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12
Q

When a client is having seizures you can _____ ______ head.

A

cushion their

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13
Q

A seizure patient should put the bed in which position?

A

the lowest position

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14
Q

A countercoup the brain hits the _____.

A

back

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15
Q

In a coup the brain hits the _____.

A

front

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16
Q

Bruising over the mastoid?

A

Battle’s sign

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17
Q

Periorbital bruising?

A

Racoon eyes

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18
Q

You can check to see if CSF is positive for ______.

A

glucose

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19
Q

Never insert a ____ _____ in a client with a basilar skull fracture.

A

NG tube (it can get in the brain)

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20
Q

A subrural hematoma is _____ symptoms and _____ blood.

A

slow symptoms and venous blood

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20
Q

An epidural has _____ symptoms and is ______ blood.

A

quick symptoms and arterial

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21
Q

In a spinal cord injury the _____ the injury the more function that is lost.

A

higher

22
Q

Injuries at and above T6 you need to monitor for _____ _______.

A

autonomic dysreflexia

23
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome characterized by sudden severe _______.

A

hypertension

24
Q

Name 3 signs of autonomic dysreflexia other then high BP.

A
  1. Brady cardia
  2. HA
  3. Blurred vision
25
Q

Name 4 triggers of autonomic dysreflexia.

A
  1. full bladder
  2. Blister
  3. UTI
  4. restrictive clothing
26
Q

How should you position the client with autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Sit the client up to lower their BP

27
Q

An ____ is a weakened vessel that can rupture.

A

aneurysm

28
Q

Name signs of a stroke ‘BEFAST’

A

Balance (Dizzy / HA / LOB)
Eyes (blurry vision)
Face
Arms
Speech
Time

29
Q

_______ is loss of half of a visual field.

A

Hemianopia

30
Q

What are the two treatments for an Ischemic Stroke?

A
  1. Antithrombotics (tPA etc)
  2. Percutaneous thromboectomy (surgical removal)
31
Q

Which meningitis is more dangerous?

A

bacterial

32
Q

Name two treatments for a hemorrhagic stroke.

A
  1. craniotomy
  2. EVD - drain blood. We don’t want this client to be hypertensive.
33
Q

Name 4 signs of Meningitis

A
  1. nuchal rigidity
  2. photophobia
  3. Kernig’s sign (cannot extend knee due to pain)
  4. Brudsinski signs (flexion of neck causes involuntary flexion of the knees and hips)
34
Q

______ is inflammation of the brain tissue.

A

Encephalitis

35
Q

Encephalitis causes ____ and ______.

A

edema and necrosis

36
Q

This is an autoimmune disorder that damages and degrades the myelin sheath surrounding the neurons.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

37
Q

Name 3 signs and symptoms of multiple Sclerosis.

A
  1. Ataxia - poor muscle control
  2. Nystagmus - involuntary, rapid, repetitive eye movement.
  3. Hypotonia - decreased muscle tone.
38
Q

______ _____ is a viral or bacterial illness that switches to attacking the nerves and de-myelinates peripheral nerves. it causes ascending weakness and paralysis.

A

Guillain-Barre

39
Q

If Guillain-Barre ascends to the diaphragm it can cause?

A

respiratory arrest

40
Q

What are some assessments you will find with Gullian Barre?

A
  1. Weakness and tingling
  2. loss of muscle tone
  3. absent reflexes
41
Q

Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage.

A

Neuropathy

42
Q

Pain for neuropathy is often described as ____ and _____.

A

pins and needles

43
Q

Children under _____ y.o. should never have _____. It can cause Botulism.

A

1 years old / honey

44
Q

Botulism causes life-threatening _____ ______.

A

flaccid paralysis (loose floppy limbs)

45
Q

Name 2 symptoms of Botulism.

A
  1. systemic DESCENDING flaccid paralysis
  2. Blurry vision
46
Q

This is an autoimmune disorder tha has destroyed communication between the nerves and muscles.

A

Myasthenia Gravis

47
Q

This is a test you do to diagnose myasthenia graves. It assesses muscle strength.

A

Tensilon test

48
Q

What are two assessments you will see in Myasthenia gravis?

A

weak muscles and ptosis (drooping eyelid)

49
Q

This is a progressive system disorder that causes degeneration of dopamine neurons.

A

Parkinson’s disease

50
Q

What are some assessments of Parksinsons disease? Name 4

A
  1. tremor
  2. mask-like face
  3. difficulty balancing
  4. rigidity
51
Q

Parkinson’s “TRAP” symptoms

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia / Ataxia
Postural instability

52
Q

Parkinsons patients are a huge ____ ____.

A

fall risk

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (63 decks)

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