Nervous System - Disorders Flashcards
What are 3 causes of hydrocephalus?
- tumor
- hemorrhage
- Infection
You can treat hydrocephalus with a ____ or ____ _____.
EVD or VP shunt
It’s important to keep the EVD level with the _____ ______ ____ ____.
tragus of the ear
When a patient with EVD stands up you need to ______ the drain.
clamp
A VP shunt drains the extra CSF to the?
abdomen (excreted in the urine)
What is a atonic seizure?
A seizure where there is abrupt loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, then confusion.
This seizure there is no loss of consciousness, may experience twitching, sensory changes, or autonomic symptoms.
Simple seizure
This type of seizure is impaired consciousness ranging from confusion to syncope and/or non-responsiveness.
complex
lorazepam is _____ acting.
rapid acting
What should you never do with anticonvulsant medications?
Stop taking abruptly
Phenytoin is ____ acting.
long acting
When a client is having seizures you can _____ ______ head.
cushion their
A seizure patient should put the bed in which position?
the lowest position
A countercoup the brain hits the _____.
back
In a coup the brain hits the _____.
front
Bruising over the mastoid?
Battle’s sign
Periorbital bruising?
Racoon eyes
You can check to see if CSF is positive for ______.
glucose
Never insert a ____ _____ in a client with a basilar skull fracture.
NG tube (it can get in the brain)
A subrural hematoma is _____ symptoms and _____ blood.
slow symptoms and venous blood
An epidural has _____ symptoms and is ______ blood.
quick symptoms and arterial
In a spinal cord injury the _____ the injury the more function that is lost.
higher
Injuries at and above T6 you need to monitor for _____ _______.
autonomic dysreflexia
Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome characterized by sudden severe _______.
hypertension
Name 3 signs of autonomic dysreflexia other then high BP.
- Brady cardia
- HA
- Blurred vision
Name 4 triggers of autonomic dysreflexia.
- full bladder
- Blister
- UTI
- restrictive clothing
How should you position the client with autonomic dysreflexia?
Sit the client up to lower their BP
An ____ is a weakened vessel that can rupture.
aneurysm
Name signs of a stroke ‘BEFAST’
Balance (Dizzy / HA / LOB)
Eyes (blurry vision)
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
_______ is loss of half of a visual field.
Hemianopia
What are the two treatments for an Ischemic Stroke?
- Antithrombotics (tPA etc)
- Percutaneous thromboectomy (surgical removal)
Which meningitis is more dangerous?
bacterial
Name two treatments for a hemorrhagic stroke.
- craniotomy
- EVD - drain blood. We don’t want this client to be hypertensive.
Name 4 signs of Meningitis
- nuchal rigidity
- photophobia
- Kernig’s sign (cannot extend knee due to pain)
- Brudsinski signs (flexion of neck causes involuntary flexion of the knees and hips)
______ is inflammation of the brain tissue.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis causes ____ and ______.
edema and necrosis
This is an autoimmune disorder that damages and degrades the myelin sheath surrounding the neurons.
Multiple Sclerosis
Name 3 signs and symptoms of multiple Sclerosis.
- Ataxia - poor muscle control
- Nystagmus - involuntary, rapid, repetitive eye movement.
- Hypotonia - decreased muscle tone.
______ _____ is a viral or bacterial illness that switches to attacking the nerves and de-myelinates peripheral nerves. it causes ascending weakness and paralysis.
Guillain-Barre
If Guillain-Barre ascends to the diaphragm it can cause?
respiratory arrest
What are some assessments you will find with Gullian Barre?
- Weakness and tingling
- loss of muscle tone
- absent reflexes
Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage.
Neuropathy
Pain for neuropathy is often described as ____ and _____.
pins and needles
Children under _____ y.o. should never have _____. It can cause Botulism.
1 years old / honey
Botulism causes life-threatening _____ ______.
flaccid paralysis (loose floppy limbs)
Name 2 symptoms of Botulism.
- systemic DESCENDING flaccid paralysis
- Blurry vision
This is an autoimmune disorder tha has destroyed communication between the nerves and muscles.
Myasthenia Gravis
This is a test you do to diagnose myasthenia graves. It assesses muscle strength.
Tensilon test
What are two assessments you will see in Myasthenia gravis?
weak muscles and ptosis (drooping eyelid)
This is a progressive system disorder that causes degeneration of dopamine neurons.
Parkinson’s disease
What are some assessments of Parksinsons disease? Name 4
- tremor
- mask-like face
- difficulty balancing
- rigidity
Parkinson’s “TRAP” symptoms
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia / Ataxia
Postural instability
Parkinsons patients are a huge ____ ____.
fall risk
