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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Esophageal Varices are caused by ________ and _______.

A

Liver disease / Alcoholism

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2
Q

The two treatments for esophageal varices is _________ and ______.

A

Blakemore tube and surgery

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3
Q

______ ______ is a longterm complication of GERD.

A

Barett’s esophagus

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4
Q

Gastritis is associated with ___ ____ and _____.

A

H pylori / NSAIDs

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5
Q

Some clinical manifestations of Gastritis are vague ______ ______, ______ tenderness, and _____.

A

Vague abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding.

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6
Q

Gastritis healing can be ______ and within a _____ _____.

A

spontaneous and within a few days

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7
Q

A Gastric ulcer is due to ____ _____.

A

unhealed gastritis

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8
Q

Clients with gastritis have pain ______ _____ meal.

A

After a meal (1-2 hours)

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9
Q

Gastric ulcers are aggravated by _____.

A

eating

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10
Q

Some symptoms of a gastric ulcers are _____, ______, and ______ (if hemorrhage occurs).

A

Vomiting, Weight Loss, and Hematemesis

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11
Q

A duodenal ulcer is caused by the same thing as ___ ____.

A

gastric ulcers

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12
Q

Clients with duodenal ulcers have pain ____ meals.

A

after meals (2-4)

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13
Q

_______ may relive pain for duodenal ulcers.

A

food

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14
Q

Two symptoms of D. ulcer are?

A
  1. weight gain
  2. melena (black stool) if hemorrhage occurs
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15
Q

______ Disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder.

A

Crohn’s disease

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16
Q

Crohn’s disease affects which part?

A

Any part of the digestive tract. Mouth to Anus.

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17
Q

Crohn’s disease has ____ risk factors to ulcerative colitis.

A

similar

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18
Q

______ _____ is inflammation of the large intestines. (sigmoid & rectum)

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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19
Q

U. Colitis is common in those ____ to ____ years old and of _____ descent.

A

20 to 40 years old and of Jewish descent.

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20
Q

Suggested causes of U. Colitis are? (name 4)

A
  1. infectious
  2. immunologic (anticolon antibodies)
  3. dietary
  4. genetics
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21
Q

______ is herniation of the mucosa.

A

Diverticula

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22
Q

______ is asymptomatic diverticular disease.

A

diverticulosis

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23
Q

_____ is an inflammatory stage of diverticulosis.

A

diverticulitis

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24
Q

What are some possible causes of Diverticular Disease? (3)

A
  1. decreased dietary fiber
  2. > 60 years of age
  3. abnormal neuromuscular function
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25
Q

Patients with D. disease have ______ tenderness.

A

Rebound tenderness

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26
Q

What are some intestinal obstruction clinical manifestations? (small intestines)

A
  1. colicky pains (d/t intestinal distention)
  2. N/V
27
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of large intestine obstruction? (2)

A
  1. Hypogastric pain
  2. Abdominal distention
28
Q

______ is most common age 10 years old.

A

Appendicitis

29
Q

Appendicits begins as ____, ____ _____ pain.

A

dull, steady periumbilical pain.

30
Q

______ sign is significant pain upon palpitation of the RLQ.

A

Positive Mcburnery’s

31
Q

In appendicits sudden relief of pain may indicate _____ _____.

A

appendix rupture

32
Q

What are the “PAINS” of Appendicitis?

A

Pain (RLQ)
Anorexia
Increased temp & WBCs
Nausea
Signs (Mcburney’s, Psoas)

33
Q

______ sign is a “C” shaped bruise on pancreatic patients.

A

Cullen’s sign

34
Q

The #1 cause of pancreatitis is _______.

A

alcoholism

35
Q

______ sign is a bruise along the flank of pancreatic patients.

A

Gray Turner’s Sign

36
Q

Pancreatitis patients have pain that increases with _____ due to increased enzymes.

A

eating

37
Q

Another word for gallstones is _______.

A

Cholelithiasis

37
Q

What are some assessments you will see in patients with pancreatitis? (6)

A
  1. Rigid abdomen
  2. Abdominal mass
  3. Ascites
  4. N/V
  5. Jaundice
  6. Hypotension
38
Q

The two causes hyper______ and hyper _______.

A
  1. Hyperlipidemia
  2. Hyperbilirubinemia
39
Q

A key assessment of gallstones is sudden, sharp ______ ______ pain.

A

RUQ abdominal pain

40
Q

Where can pain radiate for gallstone patients?

A

to the back and between should blades or R shoulder.

41
Q

Gallstones get worse at _____ or after a _____ meal.

A

night / fatty

42
Q

A ______ is a removal of the bladder.

A

Cholecystecomy

43
Q

_______is inflammation of the gallbladder.

A

cholecystitis

44
Q

Cholecystitis is is caused by gallstones, ____, and a blocked ____ ____>

A

infection and a blocked bile duct

45
Q

Patients with an inflamed gall bladder have a fever, leukocytosis, _____ tenderness, and abdominal _____ _____.

A

rebound tenderness, and abdominal muscle guarding.

46
Q

Severe cases of Hepatitis can lead to _____ ______.

A

hepatic encephalopathy

47
Q

Hepatitis ____ and ____ is d/t contaminated food and water (fecal-oral).

A

A and E

48
Q

Hepatitis _____ is blood borne, also semen and vaginal fluids.(infected bodily fluids)

A

B

49
Q

Hepatitis _____ can only happen if you are infected with HEP B.

A

D

50
Q

Hepatitis ____ is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide.

A

Hep C

51
Q

Which two Hep Viruses are not at risk of. chronic infection.

A

A and E

52
Q

How can you prevent Hep E?

A

Improved hygiene and sanitation

53
Q

Which two Hep types have a vaccination available?

A

A & B

54
Q

Which two heps use antiviral therapy?

A

B & C

55
Q

When there is inflammation of the liver due to hepatitis, the ______ builds instead of being converted to urea.

A

ammonia

56
Q

Increased _____ levels can cause hepatic coma.

A

ammonia

57
Q

What are the 4 Hepatic encephalopathy Assessments?

A
  1. Changes in LOC (confusion, stupor etc)
  2. Neuromuscular disturbances (hyperreflexia)
  3. Fetor (musty or sweat breath)
  4. Sleep, mood, & speech problems.
58
Q

Cirrhosis is caused by ______ and _______.

A

alcoholism and hepatitis

59
Q

what are the “ABCD” causes of Cirrhosis?

A
  1. alcohol
  2. Hep B
  3. Hep C
  4. Diet
60
Q

Since of the major functions of the liver is production of clotting.Liver damage = _____ risk.

A

bleeding risk / Anemia

61
Q

What are some key assessments of Cirrhosis?

A
  1. Ascites / Edema
  2. Abdominal pain / bloating
  3. Jaundice
62
Q

Abnormal labs in cirrhosis patients are ____ serum albumin and _____ serum liver enzymes (ALT / AST).

A

decreased serum albumin and increased serum liver enzymes

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (63 decks)

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