GI Disorders Flashcards
Esophageal Varices are caused by ________ and _______.
Liver disease / Alcoholism
The two treatments for esophageal varices is _________ and ______.
Blakemore tube and surgery
______ ______ is a longterm complication of GERD.
Barett’s esophagus
Gastritis is associated with ___ ____ and _____.
H pylori / NSAIDs
Some clinical manifestations of Gastritis are vague ______ ______, ______ tenderness, and _____.
Vague abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding.
Gastritis healing can be ______ and within a _____ _____.
spontaneous and within a few days
A Gastric ulcer is due to ____ _____.
unhealed gastritis
Clients with gastritis have pain ______ _____ meal.
After a meal (1-2 hours)
Gastric ulcers are aggravated by _____.
eating
Some symptoms of a gastric ulcers are _____, ______, and ______ (if hemorrhage occurs).
Vomiting, Weight Loss, and Hematemesis
A duodenal ulcer is caused by the same thing as ___ ____.
gastric ulcers
Clients with duodenal ulcers have pain ____ meals.
after meals (2-4)
_______ may relive pain for duodenal ulcers.
food
Two symptoms of D. ulcer are?
- weight gain
- melena (black stool) if hemorrhage occurs
______ Disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder.
Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease affects which part?
Any part of the digestive tract. Mouth to Anus.
Crohn’s disease has ____ risk factors to ulcerative colitis.
similar
______ _____ is inflammation of the large intestines. (sigmoid & rectum)
Ulcerative Colitis
U. Colitis is common in those ____ to ____ years old and of _____ descent.
20 to 40 years old and of Jewish descent.
Suggested causes of U. Colitis are? (name 4)
- infectious
- immunologic (anticolon antibodies)
- dietary
- genetics
______ is herniation of the mucosa.
Diverticula
______ is asymptomatic diverticular disease.
diverticulosis
_____ is an inflammatory stage of diverticulosis.
diverticulitis
What are some possible causes of Diverticular Disease? (3)
- decreased dietary fiber
- > 60 years of age
- abnormal neuromuscular function
Patients with D. disease have ______ tenderness.
Rebound tenderness
What are some intestinal obstruction clinical manifestations? (small intestines)
- colicky pains (d/t intestinal distention)
- N/V
What are some clinical manifestations of large intestine obstruction? (2)
- Hypogastric pain
- Abdominal distention
______ is most common age 10 years old.
Appendicitis
Appendicits begins as ____, ____ _____ pain.
dull, steady periumbilical pain.
______ sign is significant pain upon palpitation of the RLQ.
Positive Mcburnery’s
In appendicits sudden relief of pain may indicate _____ _____.
appendix rupture
What are the “PAINS” of Appendicitis?
Pain (RLQ)
Anorexia
Increased temp & WBCs
Nausea
Signs (Mcburney’s, Psoas)
______ sign is a “C” shaped bruise on pancreatic patients.
Cullen’s sign
The #1 cause of pancreatitis is _______.
alcoholism
______ sign is a bruise along the flank of pancreatic patients.
Gray Turner’s Sign
Pancreatitis patients have pain that increases with _____ due to increased enzymes.
eating
Another word for gallstones is _______.
Cholelithiasis
What are some assessments you will see in patients with pancreatitis? (6)
- Rigid abdomen
- Abdominal mass
- Ascites
- N/V
- Jaundice
- Hypotension
The two causes hyper______ and hyper _______.
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperbilirubinemia
A key assessment of gallstones is sudden, sharp ______ ______ pain.
RUQ abdominal pain
Where can pain radiate for gallstone patients?
to the back and between should blades or R shoulder.
Gallstones get worse at _____ or after a _____ meal.
night / fatty
A ______ is a removal of the bladder.
Cholecystecomy
_______is inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholecystitis
Cholecystitis is is caused by gallstones, ____, and a blocked ____ ____>
infection and a blocked bile duct
Patients with an inflamed gall bladder have a fever, leukocytosis, _____ tenderness, and abdominal _____ _____.
rebound tenderness, and abdominal muscle guarding.
Severe cases of Hepatitis can lead to _____ ______.
hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatitis ____ and ____ is d/t contaminated food and water (fecal-oral).
A and E
Hepatitis _____ is blood borne, also semen and vaginal fluids.(infected bodily fluids)
B
Hepatitis _____ can only happen if you are infected with HEP B.
D
Hepatitis ____ is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide.
Hep C
Which two Hep Viruses are not at risk of. chronic infection.
A and E
How can you prevent Hep E?
Improved hygiene and sanitation
Which two Hep types have a vaccination available?
A & B
Which two heps use antiviral therapy?
B & C
When there is inflammation of the liver due to hepatitis, the ______ builds instead of being converted to urea.
ammonia
Increased _____ levels can cause hepatic coma.
ammonia
What are the 4 Hepatic encephalopathy Assessments?
- Changes in LOC (confusion, stupor etc)
- Neuromuscular disturbances (hyperreflexia)
- Fetor (musty or sweat breath)
- Sleep, mood, & speech problems.
Cirrhosis is caused by ______ and _______.
alcoholism and hepatitis
what are the “ABCD” causes of Cirrhosis?
- alcohol
- Hep B
- Hep C
- Diet
Since of the major functions of the liver is production of clotting.Liver damage = _____ risk.
bleeding risk / Anemia
What are some key assessments of Cirrhosis?
- Ascites / Edema
- Abdominal pain / bloating
- Jaundice
Abnormal labs in cirrhosis patients are ____ serum albumin and _____ serum liver enzymes (ALT / AST).
decreased serum albumin and increased serum liver enzymes
