Pediatrics Cardiovascular

Question 1

The ____ ____ is the opening between the the atria.

Answer 1

foramen ovale

Question 2

The ____ ____ is the opening between the pulmonary artery & the aorta.

Answer 2

ductus arteriosus

Question 3

_____ _____ vessel connecting the inferior vena cava to the umbilical.

Answer 3

ductus venosus

Question 4

The umbilical ___ carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 4

vein

Question 5

The umbilical ____ carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

Answer 5

arteries

Question 6

______ 21 and ____ ____ ___ are linked to causing congenital heart defects.

Answer 6

Trisomy 21 and advanced maternal age

Question 7

Stiffening or thickening is ______.

Answer 7

stenosis

Question 8

Artresia means didn’t ___ ___.

Answer 8

develop properly

Question 9

_____ is underdeveloped.

Answer 9

hypoplasia

Question 10

____ is overdeveloped / grown.

Answer 10

Hyperplasia

Question 11

______ is narrowing or stricture.

Answer 11

coarction

Question 12

Mixing is referring to _____ blood.

Answer 12

purple blood (oxygenated & deoxygenated)

Question 13

____ dependent on the ductus arteriosus for mixing of blood.

Answer 13

ductal dependent

Question 14

_____ is the movement of blood from one area to another.

Answer 14

shunting

Question 15

blood will ______ move from areas of _____ pressure to ____ pressure.

Answer 15

ALWAYS / high pressure to low pressure

Question 16

Patients with patent ductus arteriousus (PDA) will have a _____ - ____ murmur when assessed.

Answer 16

Machine-like murmur

Question 17

the left side is _____.

Answer 17

systemic (higher pressure)

Question 18

blood on the right side is _____.

Answer 18

deoxygenated

Question 19

The right to left shunt causes ____.

Answer 19

cyanosis

Question 20

The left to right shunt causes ____ _____.

Answer 20

pulmonary over circulation (but NO cyanosis)

Question 21

______ is administered to keep the PDA open in certain heart defects.

Answer 21

Alprostadil (prostaglandins/PGE)

Question 22

____ ___ ___ is often asymptomatic until later in childhood.

Answer 22

atrial septal defect

Question 23

atrial septal defect is an opening between the ___.

Answer 23

atria

Question 24

Ventricular septal defect is an opening between the ____.

Answer 24

ventricles

Question 25

Two assessment findings you will see in VSD is ___ ___ & ____.

Answer 25

loud murmur & CHF

Question 26

what is the nutrional requirement of patients with VSD?

Answer 26

high calories & nutrients

Question 27

Atrioventricular canal defect is when the mitral & bicuspid valve are a _____ valve.

Answer 27

singular

Question 28

Patients with AVCD are at a high risk for ____.

Answer 28

HF

Question 29

A specific assessment finding of tetralogy of fallot is ___ ___.

Answer 29

tet spells

Question 30

Tet spells are a prolonged period of intense _____ leading to _____.

Answer 30

cyanosis leading to syncope

Question 31

with tet spells there is more _____ blood out to the body.

Answer 31

deoxygenated

Question 32

The 1st intervention of tet spells is to ___ & ____.

Answer 32

comfort & calm

Question 33

The 2nd intervention of tet spells is to ____ with ____.

Answer 33

sedate with morphine

Question 34

The 3rd intervention of tet spells ___ to ___ position.

Answer 34

knee to chest position (helps create pressure and prevents shunting)

Question 35

Tricuspid Artresia is when the ____ valve doesn't grow.

Answer 35

tricuspid valve doesn't grow

Question 36

The treatment of tricuspid atresia is ____ & ___ ____.

Answer 36

prostaglandins & surgical repair

Question 37

What is transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 37

oxygenated blood is not getting where it needs to go.

Question 38

What is the treatment of transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 38

Balloon atrial septostomy (hole poled into the wall. temp fix)

Question 39

Patients with hypo plastic left heart syndrome is when the left-sided structures don't ____ _____.

Answer 39

don't develop normally

Question 40

Two specific assessment findings are ____ and ____.

Answer 40

hepatomegaly & murmur

Question 41

Patients with HLHS have a ____ ____.

Answer 41

strong murmur

Question 42

Name 3 immediate treatments of HLHS.

Answer 42

1. prostaglandins 2. correct acidemia 3. Inotropes

Question 43

Norwood at birth is a surgery that gives you a _____ _____.

Answer 43

permanent shunt

Question 44

_____ ____ is a narrowing of the aorta.

Answer 44

aortic stenosis

Question 45

exercise makes ___ ___ worse.

Answer 45

aortic stenosis

Question 46

What is the tx for AS _____ _____.

Answer 46

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 47

Patients with aortic stenosis need to avoid _____ sports.

Answer 47

contact sports

Question 48

_____ stenosis is the narrowing of the pulmonary artery.

Answer 48

pulmonary stenosis (makes it harder for the RV to pump)

Question 49

____ stenosis causes hypertrophy.

Answer 49

pulmonary stenosis

Question 50

Patients with pulmonary stenosis should avoid high ____ ____.

Answer 50

high intense exercise

Question 51

Coarction of the Aorta is a _____ of the aorta.

Answer 51

narrowing of the aorta

Question 52

Coarction of the Aorta impedes blood flow to the ____ ____ ____ ____ _____.

Answer 52

lower half of the body

Question 53

What are some specific findings you will see in a patient with with COTA in the upper extremities?

Answer 53

bounding pulses

Question 54

What are some specific findings you will see in a patient with with COTA in the lower extremities?

Answer 54

weak or absent pulses