Pediatrics Cardiovascular Flashcards
The ____ ____ is the opening between the the atria.
foramen ovale
The ____ ____ is the opening between the pulmonary artery & the aorta.
ductus arteriosus
_____ _____ vessel connecting the inferior vena cava to the umbilical.
ductus venosus
The umbilical ___ carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
vein
The umbilical ____ carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
arteries
______ 21 and ____ ____ ___ are linked to causing congenital heart defects.
Trisomy 21 and advanced maternal age
Stiffening or thickening is ______.
stenosis
Artresia means didn’t ___ ___.
develop properly
_____ is underdeveloped.
hypoplasia
____ is overdeveloped / grown.
Hyperplasia
______ is narrowing or stricture.
coarction
Mixing is referring to _____ blood.
purple blood (oxygenated & deoxygenated)
____ dependent on the ductus arteriosus for mixing of blood.
ductal dependent
_____ is the movement of blood from one area to another.
shunting
blood will ______ move from areas of _____ pressure to ____ pressure.
ALWAYS / high pressure to low pressure
Patients with patent ductus arteriousus (PDA) will have a _____ - ____ murmur when assessed.
Machine-like murmur
the left side is _____.
systemic (higher pressure)
blood on the right side is _____.
deoxygenated
The right to left shunt causes ____.
cyanosis
The left to right shunt causes ____ _____.
pulmonary over circulation (but NO cyanosis)
______ is administered to keep the PDA open in certain heart defects.
Alprostadil (prostaglandins/PGE)
____ ___ ___ is often asymptomatic until later in childhood.
atrial septal defect
atrial septal defect is an opening between the ___.
atria
Ventricular septal defect is an opening between the ____.
ventricles
Two assessment findings you will see in VSD is ___ ___ & ____.
loud murmur & CHF
what is the nutrional requirement of patients with VSD?
high calories & nutrients
Atrioventricular canal defect is when the mitral & bicuspid valve are a _____ valve.
singular
Patients with AVCD are at a high risk for ____.
HF
A specific assessment finding of tetralogy of fallot is ___ ___.
tet spells
Tet spells are a prolonged period of intense _____ leading to _____.
cyanosis leading to syncope
with tet spells there is more _____ blood out to the body.
deoxygenated
The 1st intervention of tet spells is to ___ & ____.
comfort & calm
The 2nd intervention of tet spells is to ____ with ____.
sedate with morphine
The 3rd intervention of tet spells ___ to ___ position.
knee to chest position (helps create pressure and prevents shunting)
Tricuspid Artresia is when the ____ valve doesn’t grow.
tricuspid valve doesn’t grow
The treatment of tricuspid atresia is ____ & ___ ____.
prostaglandins & surgical repair
What is transposition of the great arteries?
oxygenated blood is not getting where it needs to go.
What is the treatment of transposition of the great arteries?
Balloon atrial septostomy (hole poled into the wall. temp fix)
Patients with hypo plastic left heart syndrome is when the left-sided structures don’t ____ _____.
don’t develop normally
Two specific assessment findings are ____ and ____.
hepatomegaly & murmur
Patients with HLHS have a ____ ____.
strong murmur
Name 3 immediate treatments of HLHS.
- prostaglandins
- correct acidemia
- Inotropes
Norwood at birth is a surgery that gives you a _____ _____.
permanent shunt
_____ ____ is a narrowing of the aorta.
aortic stenosis
exercise makes ___ ___ worse.
aortic stenosis
What is the tx for AS _____ _____.
Balloon valvuloplasty
Patients with aortic stenosis need to avoid _____ sports.
contact sports
_____ stenosis is the narrowing of the pulmonary artery.
pulmonary stenosis (makes it harder for the RV to pump)
____ stenosis causes hypertrophy.
pulmonary stenosis
Patients with pulmonary stenosis should avoid high ____ ____.
high intense exercise
Coarction of the Aorta is a _____ of the aorta.
narrowing of the aorta
Coarction of the Aorta impedes blood flow to the ____ ____ ____ ____ _____.
lower half of the body
What are some specific findings you will see in a patient with with COTA in the upper extremities?
bounding pulses
What are some specific findings you will see in a patient with with COTA in the lower extremities?
weak or absent pulses
