Pediatrics Hematological / Oncological Flashcards
sickle cell is ___ ___ inheritance.
autosomal recessive
With sickle cell there is severe ____ pain.
severe joint pain
In sickle cell when the blood pools (often in the spleen) and causes splenomegaly & tenderness that is known as _____.
sequestration
Acute exacerbation of sickle cell can be caused by ____, _____ , ____ ____, & _____.
hypoxia, exercise, high altitude, & fever.
Name 5 common assessments you will see in a sickle cell patient.
- pallor
- pain (also chest pain)
- fatigue
- arthralgia (joint stiffness)
- respiratory distress
What are the top 4 treatments of sickle cell?
- IV fluids (dilutes the blood)
- Blood transfusion (better perfusion)
- Oxygen (helps with hypoxia)
- Medications
_______ are the preferred pain managements for sickle cell.
analgesics
_______ increases production of fetal hemoglobin to reduce crises.
Hydroxyurea
_____ disease is acute systemic vasculitis.
Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease can result in coronary artery ____ & _____.
aneurysms & thrombosis
A key assessment of Kawasakis disease is _____ tongue.
strawberry tongue (red & swollen)
Since Kawasaki’s causes inflammation you see elevated _____.
elevated labs
1. CRP (C-reactive protein)
2. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
3. WBC
4. Platelets
____ is the treatment for Kawasaki disease.
Aspirin ( reduce fever & swelling)
Aspirin prevents ____ ____.
blood clots
What IV treatment do Kawasaki patients get?
Intravenous Immunoglobulin
______ syndrome is acute encephalopathy following viral illness.
Reye Syndrome
reyes syndrome is diagnosed by _____ biopsy.
liver biopsy
Reye syndrome is characterized _____ edema & ____ changes in the liver.
Cerebral edema and fatty changes in the liver
Reyes syndrome is associated with ____ use during a viral illness.
aspirin
Patients with Reyes syndrome will have signs of _____ dysfunction.
liver dysfunction (jaundice , lethargy)
Patients with Reyes syndrome have high _____ levels.
high ammonia levels
Patients with Reyes syndrome have an altered _____ status.
altered mental status
_____ & ______ are the medications of choice for fever in viral illness due to risk of Reye Syndrome.
Acetaminophen & Ibuprophen
With Reyes you want to monitor ___ status, ____ function, and ___ & ___.
monitor neuro status (ICP) , liver function, & I&O’s.
_______ a rare inherited disorder where the body is unable to breakdown phenylalanine, an amino acid.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A normal level of phenylalanine is ____ - ____.
0-2 mg/dL
PKU: > ____ mg/dL
> 20 mg/dL
High levels of PKU can cause damage to the ______ ______ system, if toxic levels are not treated.
central nervous system
What should the infant eat before the heel stick?
breastmilk or formula
When is the heel stick done?
around 24 to 48 hours old
Patients with PKU should avoid eating foods high in? (2)
Protein & phenylalanine
What foods are high in protein & phenylalanine?
Meats
Diary products
Aspartame
