Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
_______ form bone.
A
osteoblasts
2
Q
______ maintain bone
A
osteocytes
3
Q
______ break down bone and increase Ca serum.
A
osteoclats
4
Q
______ are where two or more bones connect.
A
joints
5
Q
_______ joints allow the most movement.
A
synovial
6
Q
________ connect two bones at a joint.
A
ligaments
7
Q
________ connect bones to muscles.
A
tendons
8
Q
which three muscles are involuntary?
A
- smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal
9
Q
muscles can’t contract without the ______ ______.
A
nervous system
10
Q
What are the 6 P’s of neurovascular assessment.
A
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Poikiloterma
11
Q
What are the 3 anti arthritic drugs?
A
- NSAIDS
- Glucocorticoids
- DMARDS (disease - modifying anti rheumatic drugs)
12
Q
Methotrextate is a _______.
A
DMARD
13
Q
Methotextrate is indicated for _____ _____.
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
14
Q
Slows disease progression by interfering in immune and inflammatory responses.
A
Methotrexate
15
Q
2 NC’s for methotrexate
A
- lifelong therapy
- treats symptoms - doesn’t cure
16
Q
What are the 3 main antigout drugs.
A
- NSAIDS
- Glucocorticoids
- Anti uric acid agents
17
Q
Allopurinol is indicated for ______.
A
Gout
18
Q
Prevents uric acid from forming.
A
allopurinol
19
Q
2 NC’s for allopurinol
A
- monitor CBC (leukopenia, fever, rash)
- Avoid foods high in purine
20
Q
Beer, wine, sardines, and anchovies are food high in ______.
A
purines
21
Q
Calcium and Vit D will ______ Ca
A
increase
22
Q
Calcitonin and Biphosphonates _____ Ca
A
decrease
23
Q
Hypercalcemia = ?
A
Sedative
24
Q
This medication stops bones from breaking down.
A
Calcitonin
25
Calcitonin is usually admitted via the ____ ____.
nasal spray
26
What are the side effects of nasal spray?
dryness and irritation
27
_____ is the main side effect of alendronate.
Esophagitis
28
NC's for Alendronate
1. Take a full glass of water
2. Remain upright for 30 minutes
3. discontinue if pain swallowing or heartburn.
29
______ is a centrally acting muscle relaxer.
Baclofen
30
Baclofen can cause _____.
seizures
31
NC's for Baclofen
1. Monitor for CNS depression
2. Do not discontinue abruptly ( taper over 1 to 2 weeks)
32
______ is a complete loss of contact between the surface of two bones.
dislocation
33
______ is partial loss of contact between two bones.
subluxation
34
_____ is when the ligament (connects bone to bone) tears.
sprain
35
______ is the complete separation of a tendon ligament from its attachment.
Avulsion
36
An incomplete fracture that doesn't go all the way across the bone.
Greenstick
37
diagnole fracture?
oblique / non displaced
38
shattered fracture
comminuted
39
TRACTION assessment
Temp monitor
Ropes hanging freely
Alignment of extremity
Circulation checks are #1
Tension (no tension on the skin - skin breakdown)
Intake and output
Overhead trapeze helps with ROM
No weights on the floor - don't release traction
40
Used when clients have a spinal cord injury to the cervical spine.
Halo device
41
Never ______ or ______ on frame of the halo device.
tug or pull
42
Pin site care is performed by?
RN or LPN
43
_____ _____ should be used for each sweep and for each pin.
New gauze
44
Pin site gauze should be soaked in?
NS
45
Clean the length of the pin going ______ from site.
upward
46
________ is a bone demineralization disease that leads to fragile bones and a further risk for fractures.
Osteoperosis
47
Osteoperosis most commonly occurs in the _____, ____, and _____.
1. wrist
2. hip
3. vertebra
48
Name 3 risk factors of osteoporosis.
1. Early menopause
2. Thin, small frame
3. smoking
49
The #1 prevention of osteoporosis is ____ _____.
injury prevention
50
for clients with osteoperosis encourage clients to have a diet in _____, ______, ______, _______.
1. calcium
2. Vit D
3. Iron
4. Protein
51
_______ ______ is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. It weakens the joint and can lead to dislocation.
Rheumatoid arthrits
52
RA exacerbations or "flares" occupe during periods of _____ and _____.
fatigue and stress
53
RA has moderate to severe pain with _______ ______ lasting longer than 30 minutes.
morning stiffness
54
RA has a ____ ______ feeling in the joint.
spongy soft
55
With RA synovial fluid shows ______.
inflammation
56
A client with RA should avoid _____ _____ on inflamed joints.
weight bearing
57
Synovectomy is?
Removal of the joint
58
_______ is a age related disorder that decreases the cartilage and bones become sclerosed.
osteoarthritis
59
Osteoarthrits is most common in the? (4)
1. hands
2. knees
3. hips
4. spine
60
The 3 causes of osteoarthritis are?
1. age (>40 years old)
2. Overweight
3. Strenuous work environment
61
Osteoarthritis signs and symptoms "OSTEO"
O - Outgrowths (nodes on fingers and nails)
S - Stiffness (morning)
T - Tenderness
E - Exacerbated by exercises
O - Only in the joints (not systemic - no inflammation)
62
_________ node is close to the fingernail.
Heberden's
63
________ node is the middle finger joint.
Bouchard's
64
Name 3 NI's of osteoarthritis
1. encourage weight loss
2. Analgesics (NSAIDs / Acetaminophen)
3. Corticosteroids
64
Patients with osteoarthritis should avoid _____, ______, etc...
running and jumping
65
Blood cannot control uric acid production or exertion is ______.
Gout
66
_____ _____ is the most common location of gout.
Greater toe
67
_____ is large clumps of uric acid crystals that have accumulated over time in gout patients.
Tophi
68
Gout patients have decreased ______.
decreased mobility
69
Gout patients should alternate ____ and _____ compress.
cold and warm
70
Gout patients should have a diet low in ______.
Purine
71
Name 3 types of foods high in purine.
1. Meat (organ / red)
2. Seafood (scallops , anchovies, sardines)
3. Alcohol
72
A _____ is when a tendon tears.
strain
73
_____ ______ ______ is caused by muscle spasticity.
permanent muscle shortening
74
______ muscle disorder causing weakness and atrophy (decreased size of body parts).
myopathy
75
______ is injury to the skeletal muscle from burns, trauma, and compartment.
Rhabdomyolysis
76
_____ is a muscle protein.
Myoglobin
77
_____, ______, _____, are released into the blood from rhabdomyolysis.
1. creatinine kinase
2. Potassium
3. Phosphorus
78
Name 3 common assessments in rhabdomyolysis.
1. dark urine
2. muscle weakness
3. bruising (ecchymosis)
79
Name 4 treatments of rhabdomyolysis
1. NS
2. Diuretics
3. Bedrest ***
4. monitor electrolytes (Telemetry)
80
Name 4 common complications of fractures
1. Fat embolism
2. Avascular necrosi
3. PE
4. Infection
81
The treatment for compartment syndrome is ________. (cut open the compartment)
fasciotomy
82
3 symptoms of a Fat Embolism
1. Hypoxia
2. Confusion
3. ALOC
83
______ is infection of the bone.
Osteomyelitis
84
Osteomyelitis is usually caused by a _____ _______.
staph infection
