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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

_______ form bone.

A

osteoblasts

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2
Q

______ maintain bone

A

osteocytes

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3
Q

______ break down bone and increase Ca serum.

A

osteoclats

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4
Q

______ are where two or more bones connect.

A

joints

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5
Q

_______ joints allow the most movement.

A

synovial

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6
Q

________ connect two bones at a joint.

A

ligaments

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7
Q

________ connect bones to muscles.

A

tendons

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8
Q

which three muscles are involuntary?

A
  1. smooth
  2. cardiac
  3. skeletal
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9
Q

muscles can’t contract without the ______ ______.

A

nervous system

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10
Q

What are the 6 P’s of neurovascular assessment.

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Poikiloterma

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11
Q

What are the 3 anti arthritic drugs?

A
  1. NSAIDS
  2. Glucocorticoids
  3. DMARDS (disease - modifying anti rheumatic drugs)
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12
Q

Methotrextate is a _______.

A

DMARD

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13
Q

Methotextrate is indicated for _____ _____.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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14
Q

Slows disease progression by interfering in immune and inflammatory responses.

A

Methotrexate

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15
Q

2 NC’s for methotrexate

A
  1. lifelong therapy
  2. treats symptoms - doesn’t cure
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16
Q

What are the 3 main antigout drugs.

A
  1. NSAIDS
  2. Glucocorticoids
  3. Anti uric acid agents
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17
Q

Allopurinol is indicated for ______.

A

Gout

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18
Q

Prevents uric acid from forming.

A

allopurinol

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19
Q

2 NC’s for allopurinol

A
  1. monitor CBC (leukopenia, fever, rash)
  2. Avoid foods high in purine
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20
Q

Beer, wine, sardines, and anchovies are food high in ______.

A

purines

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21
Q

Calcium and Vit D will ______ Ca

A

increase

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22
Q

Calcitonin and Biphosphonates _____ Ca

A

decrease

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23
Q

Hypercalcemia = ?

A

Sedative

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24
Q

This medication stops bones from breaking down.

A

Calcitonin

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25
Q

Calcitonin is usually admitted via the ____ ____.

A

nasal spray

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26
Q

What are the side effects of nasal spray?

A

dryness and irritation

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27
Q

_____ is the main side effect of alendronate.

A

Esophagitis

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28
Q

NC’s for Alendronate

A
  1. Take a full glass of water
  2. Remain upright for 30 minutes
  3. discontinue if pain swallowing or heartburn.
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29
Q

______ is a centrally acting muscle relaxer.

A

Baclofen

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30
Q

Baclofen can cause _____.

A

seizures

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31
Q

NC’s for Baclofen

A
  1. Monitor for CNS depression
  2. Do not discontinue abruptly ( taper over 1 to 2 weeks)
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32
Q

______ is a complete loss of contact between the surface of two bones.

A

dislocation

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33
Q

______ is partial loss of contact between two bones.

A

subluxation

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34
Q

_____ is when the ligament (connects bone to bone) tears.

A

sprain

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35
Q

______ is the complete separation of a tendon ligament from its attachment.

A

Avulsion

36
Q

An incomplete fracture that doesn’t go all the way across the bone.

A

Greenstick

37
Q

diagnole fracture?

A

oblique / non displaced

38
Q

shattered fracture

A

comminuted

39
Q

TRACTION assessment

A

Temp monitor
Ropes hanging freely
Alignment of extremity
Circulation checks are #1
Tension (no tension on the skin - skin breakdown)
Intake and output
Overhead trapeze helps with ROM
No weights on the floor - don’t release traction

40
Q

Used when clients have a spinal cord injury to the cervical spine.

A

Halo device

41
Q

Never ______ or ______ on frame of the halo device.

A

tug or pull

42
Q

Pin site care is performed by?

A

RN or LPN

43
Q

_____ _____ should be used for each sweep and for each pin.

A

New gauze

44
Q

Pin site gauze should be soaked in?

A

NS

45
Q

Clean the length of the pin going ______ from site.

A

upward

46
Q

________ is a bone demineralization disease that leads to fragile bones and a further risk for fractures.

A

Osteoperosis

47
Q

Osteoperosis most commonly occurs in the _____, ____, and _____.

A
  1. wrist
  2. hip
  3. vertebra
48
Q

Name 3 risk factors of osteoporosis.

A
  1. Early menopause
  2. Thin, small frame
  3. smoking
49
Q

The #1 prevention of osteoporosis is ____ _____.

A

injury prevention

50
Q

for clients with osteoperosis encourage clients to have a diet in _____, ______, ______, _______.

A
  1. calcium
  2. Vit D
  3. Iron
  4. Protein
51
Q

_______ ______ is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. It weakens the joint and can lead to dislocation.

A

Rheumatoid arthrits

52
Q

RA exacerbations or “flares” occupe during periods of _____ and _____.

A

fatigue and stress

53
Q

RA has moderate to severe pain with _______ ______ lasting longer than 30 minutes.

A

morning stiffness

54
Q

RA has a ____ ______ feeling in the joint.

A

spongy soft

55
Q

With RA synovial fluid shows ______.

A

inflammation

56
Q

A client with RA should avoid _____ _____ on inflamed joints.

A

weight bearing

57
Q

Synovectomy is?

A

Removal of the joint

58
Q

_______ is a age related disorder that decreases the cartilage and bones become sclerosed.

A

osteoarthritis

59
Q

Osteoarthrits is most common in the? (4)

A
  1. hands
  2. knees
  3. hips
  4. spine
60
Q

The 3 causes of osteoarthritis are?

A
  1. age (>40 years old)
  2. Overweight
  3. Strenuous work environment
61
Q

Osteoarthritis signs and symptoms “OSTEO”

A

O - Outgrowths (nodes on fingers and nails)
S - Stiffness (morning)
T - Tenderness
E - Exacerbated by exercises
O - Only in the joints (not systemic - no inflammation)

62
Q

_________ node is close to the fingernail.

A

Heberden’s

63
Q

________ node is the middle finger joint.

A

Bouchard’s

64
Q

Name 3 NI’s of osteoarthritis

A
  1. encourage weight loss
  2. Analgesics (NSAIDs / Acetaminophen)
  3. Corticosteroids
64
Q

Patients with osteoarthritis should avoid _____, ______, etc…

A

running and jumping

65
Q

Blood cannot control uric acid production or exertion is ______.

A

Gout

66
Q

_____ _____ is the most common location of gout.

A

Greater toe

67
Q

_____ is large clumps of uric acid crystals that have accumulated over time in gout patients.

A

Tophi

68
Q

Gout patients have decreased ______.

A

decreased mobility

69
Q

Gout patients should alternate ____ and _____ compress.

A

cold and warm

70
Q

Gout patients should have a diet low in ______.

A

Purine

71
Q

Name 3 types of foods high in purine.

A
  1. Meat (organ / red)
  2. Seafood (scallops , anchovies, sardines)
  3. Alcohol
72
Q

A _____ is when a tendon tears.

A

strain

73
Q

_____ ______ ______ is caused by muscle spasticity.

A

permanent muscle shortening

74
Q

______ muscle disorder causing weakness and atrophy (decreased size of body parts).

A

myopathy

75
Q

______ is injury to the skeletal muscle from burns, trauma, and compartment.

A

Rhabdomyolysis

76
Q

_____ is a muscle protein.

A

Myoglobin

77
Q

_____, ______, _____, are released into the blood from rhabdomyolysis.

A
  1. creatinine kinase
  2. Potassium
  3. Phosphorus
78
Q

Name 3 common assessments in rhabdomyolysis.

A
  1. dark urine
  2. muscle weakness
  3. bruising (ecchymosis)
79
Q

Name 4 treatments of rhabdomyolysis

A
  1. NS
  2. Diuretics
  3. Bedrest ***
  4. monitor electrolytes (Telemetry)
80
Q

Name 4 common complications of fractures

A
  1. Fat embolism
  2. Avascular necrosi
  3. PE
  4. Infection
81
Q

The treatment for compartment syndrome is ________. (cut open the compartment)

A

fasciotomy

82
Q

3 symptoms of a Fat Embolism

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Confusion
  3. ALOC
83
Q

______ is infection of the bone.

A

Osteomyelitis

84
Q

Osteomyelitis is usually caused by a _____ _______.

A

staph infection

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (63 decks)

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