F&E

Question 1

What regulates water in and out of the cell.

Answer 1

Sodium

Question 2

This electrolyte has an opposite relationship with sodium. It’s mainly found in the the cells. It also helps muscles contract and nerve impulses.

Answer 2

Potassium

Question 3

This electrolyte helps with acid base balance. It also helps balance fluids with sodium.

Answer 3

Chloride

Question 4

This electrolyte is excreted through the sweat and GI juices.

Answer 4

Chloride

Question 5

This electrolyte gives us healthy bones and teeth. It also helps with clotting and muscles/nerves.

Answer 5

Calcium

Question 6

How is calcium regulated? There are 3 ways

Answer 6

1)Vitamin D absorbs
2) PTH - activates vitamin D when calcium levels are low
3) Calcitonin - hormone that regulates calcium

Question 7

What causes hypocalcemia?

Answer 7

A decrease in PTH (thyroidectomy).

Question 8

What are 3 causes of hypocalcemia?

Answer 8

1) A decrease in vitamin D - vitamin D helps absorb calcium
2) Decrease PTH from thyroidectomy
3) CKD - b/c the kidneys cannot make vitamin d.

Question 9

What causes Hypokalemia? Name 3 reasons.

Answer 9

1) loop diuretics - thiazide makes the body dried (depletes potassium)
2) Too much insulin - insulin puts k in the cells
3) Cushings disease (b/c of high cortisol)

Question 10

Define Hyperkalemia.

Answer 10

Potassium is moving out of the cell and into the blood.

Question 11

Name three causes of Hyperkalemia?

Answer 11

1) Burns
2) Rhabdomyolis (muscle tissue breakdown)
3) Meds: Ace/NSAIDS/K+ Sparing

Question 12

What happens to a cell in Hypernatremia?

Answer 12

The cell shrinks - Na leaves the cell.

Question 13

What happens to a cell in hyponatremia?

Answer 13

The cell swells - Na comes into the cell.

Question 14

What causes Na levels in the blood to decrease? Name 3 reasons

Answer 14

1) Decrease consumption of Na
2) Diuretics ‘thiazides’ (waste Na)
3) Vomiting / GI suction

Question 15

What are some symptoms of hyponatremia? Think ‘SALT LOSS’

Answer 15

S - Seizures
A - Abdominal Cramp
L - Lethargic
T - Tendon Reflexes (decrease)

L - Loss urine
O - Orthostatic hypotension
S - Shallow Respirations
S - Spasms of muscles

Question 16

What are some symptoms of Hypernotremia? Name 6 reasons.

Answer 16

Fatigue
Restless
Seizure
Coma
Increase Thirst
Decreased UO

Question 17

What causes hypochloremia? Name 2

Answer 17

1) Vomit
2) ileostomy

Question 18

What causes hyperchloremia?

Answer 18

1) Increase in Na intake
2) dehydrated
3) Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

What is a symptom of hypermagnesium?

Answer 19

1) decreased deep tendon reflexes

Question 20

What are two symptoms of hypomagnesium?

Answer 20

1) increased deep tendon reflexes.
2) risk for seizures

Question 21

Name 4 key dietary sources of calcium?

Answer 21

1) Dairy products
2) kale
3) Broccoli
4) Salmon

Question 22

Which electrolyte can cause kidney stones, bone pain, and muscle weakness when in high levels?

Answer 22

Calcium

Question 23

Name 4 key dietary sources of magnesium?

Answer 23

1) Nuts
2) seeds
3) whole grains
4) green leafy veggies

Question 24

Which electrolyte is important for bone/teeth mineralization, cell structure, and energy production?

Answer 24

Phosphorus

Question 25

Name 4 key dietary sources of phosphorus?

Answer 25

1) dairy products
2) fish
3) eggs
4) legumes

Question 26

What are some symptoms of hypocalcemia?

Answer 26

muscle spams

Question 27

Name 5 key dietary sources of potassium?

Answer 27

1) bananas
2) apricots
3) potatoes
4) broccoli
5) milk

Question 28

which electrolyte abnormality causes dysrhythmias?

Answer 28

potassium