F&E Flashcards
What regulates water in and out of the cell.
Sodium
This electrolyte has an opposite relationship with sodium. It’s mainly found in the the cells. It also helps muscles contract and nerve impulses.
Potassium
This electrolyte helps with acid base balance. It also helps balance fluids with sodium.
Chloride
This electrolyte is excreted through the sweat and GI juices.
Chloride
This electrolyte gives us healthy bones and teeth. It also helps with clotting and muscles/nerves.
Calcium
How is calcium regulated? There are 3 ways
1)Vitamin D absorbs
2) PTH - activates vitamin D when calcium levels are low
3) Calcitonin - hormone that regulates calcium
What causes hypocalcemia?
A decrease in PTH (thyroidectomy).
What are 3 causes of hypocalcemia?
1) A decrease in vitamin D - vitamin D helps absorb calcium
2) Decrease PTH from thyroidectomy
3) CKD - b/c the kidneys cannot make vitamin d.
What causes Hypokalemia? Name 3 reasons.
1) loop diuretics - thiazide makes the body dried (depletes potassium)
2) Too much insulin - insulin puts k in the cells
3) Cushings disease (b/c of high cortisol)
Define Hyperkalemia.
Potassium is moving out of the cell and into the blood.
Name three causes of Hyperkalemia?
1) Burns
2) Rhabdomyolis (muscle tissue breakdown)
3) Meds: Ace/NSAIDS/K+ Sparing
What happens to a cell in Hypernatremia?
The cell shrinks - Na leaves the cell.
What happens to a cell in hyponatremia?
The cell swells - Na comes into the cell.
What causes Na levels in the blood to decrease? Name 3 reasons
1) Decrease consumption of Na
2) Diuretics ‘thiazides’ (waste Na)
3) Vomiting / GI suction
What are some symptoms of hyponatremia? Think ‘SALT LOSS’
S - Seizures
A - Abdominal Cramp
L - Lethargic
T - Tendon Reflexes (decrease)
L - Loss urine
O - Orthostatic hypotension
S - Shallow Respirations
S - Spasms of muscles
What are some symptoms of Hypernotremia? Name 6 reasons.
Fatigue
Restless
Seizure
Coma
Increase Thirst
Decreased UO
What causes hypochloremia? Name 2
1) Vomit
2) ileostomy
What causes hyperchloremia?
1) Increase in Na intake
2) dehydrated
3) Metabolic acidosis
What is a symptom of hypermagnesium?
1) decreased deep tendon reflexes
What are two symptoms of hypomagnesium?
1) increased deep tendon reflexes.
2) risk for seizures
Name 4 key dietary sources of calcium?
1) Dairy products
2) kale
3) Broccoli
4) Salmon
Which electrolyte can cause kidney stones, bone pain, and muscle weakness when in high levels?
Calcium
Name 4 key dietary sources of magnesium?
1) Nuts
2) seeds
3) whole grains
4) green leafy veggies
Which electrolyte is important for bone/teeth mineralization, cell structure, and energy production?
Phosphorus
Name 4 key dietary sources of phosphorus?
1) dairy products
2) fish
3) eggs
4) legumes
What are some symptoms of hypocalcemia?
muscle spams
Name 5 key dietary sources of potassium?
1) bananas
2) apricots
3) potatoes
4) broccoli
5) milk
which electrolyte abnormality causes dysrhythmias?
potassium
