Oncology Flashcards
No spread to lymph nodes or other tissues. Which stage?
Early Stage 1
Tumor cells spread to nearby tissue. Mass may have grown in size. Spread to lymph nodes. Which stage?
Localized stage 2
Cancer affects more surrounding tissue. May have grown and spread to lymph nodes away from the mass. Which stage?
Regional spread stage 3
Cancer spreads to other tissues/ organs beyond initial location. Sometimes called “advanced” or “metastic” cancer. Which stage?
Distant spread stage 4
Tissue of the bone marrow
Myeloid
Arises from the myeloid tissue
myeloma
Arises from the surface, or epithelium
carcinoma
Arises from the connective tissue
sarcoma
Name 3 “CAUTION” cancer classic warning signs.
N - Nagging cough or hoarseness
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
A - A sore that doesn’t heal
What are the 4 key side effects of chemotherapy.
- Anemia - fatigue
- Thrombocytopenia - bleeding risk
- Neutropenia - immunosuppression
- GI upset - N/V and LOA
Who should handle oral chemo at home?
The client and caregiver
Wear _____ while handling chemo at home.
gloves
(chemo at home) If medication spills, clean the spills ____ _____.
Right Away
(Chemo at home) I medication gets on the skin, wash and rinse using _____ and ______ right away.
soap and water
(chemo at home) Wash anything soiled with bodily fluids ______.
Separately
When cleaning chemo drugs wear? (3)
Googles
face shield
N95
Where should used PPE, IV tubing, and incontinence pads go?
Hazardous waste container
Name 3 internal Radiation Precautions
- Flush the toilet twice after each use
- Drink extra fluids
- Avoid contact with pets
Name 3 Neutropenic precautions
- No LIVE vaccines, avoid invasive procedures
- no visitors or staff with infectious illnesses
- Hand-washing before entering the room
Which Leukemia typically has a poor outcome?
Acute Myelogenous leukemia
Arthralgia is pain in the _____.
joints
name 3 key assessments in Leukemia patients.
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Bleeding
Name 4 key side effects of leukemia chemo treatment.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Weight loss
- GI upset(N/V - LOA)
What does lymphoma impair?
The body’s natural immune response
What is Hodgkins lymphoma?
localized
What is non-hodgkins lymphoma?
multiple lymph nodes are involved
Name 2 key assessments in lymphoma patients
- painless swelling of lymph nodes
- Night sweats
name 3 signs & symptoms of Lung Cancer
- hemoptysis (bloody cough)
- SOB
- difficulty swallowing
Lobectomy is surgical removal of?
one lobe
Pneumonectomy is removal of?
An entire lung
What causes cancer of the esophagus?
Long-term exposure of irritants such as alcohol and tobacco.
Name 2 clinical manifestations of cancer of the esophagus.
- chest pain
- dysphagia
Cancer of the stomach is an infection with?
H Pylori
Name 3 dietary factors can cause stomach cancer.
- high salt intake
- food additives
- low intake of fruits and vegetables
Atrophic gastristitis is chronic inflammation of the _______ lining.
stomach
What are the 4 predisposing factors of breast cancer.
- gender (females)
- Age (+55)
- Menopause
- genetics - BRCA1 / 2 genes
Lumpectomy is removal of the breast _____.
tumor
The most common hormone therapy for breast cancer is?
Tamoxifen
How old should you be when getting digital rectal exams? (DRE)
40 years old and older
name 3 common symptoms of prostate cancer.
- dribbling urine after starting stream
- bone pain (often low and pelvis)
- straining when urinating
What are the 3 risk factors of testicular cancer?
- abnormal testicle development
- hx of testicular cancer
- hx of undescended testicle
symptoms of testicular cancer (4)
- testicular discomfort
- heaviness in the scrotum
- enlargement
- change in feel
What is an orchiectomy?
removal of the testicle
squamous cell carcinoma is cancer of the ____ ____ _____ of the epidermis.
very top layer
Melanoma is most commonly located on the ____ or ____.
trunk or legs
Wilms tumor is?
Childhood kidney tumor
Name 2 assessments of Wilms Tumor.
- swelling or a palpable mass in the abdomen
- abdominal pain
What imaging studies do wilms tumor patients get?
Ultrasound / CT scan
Name 4 assessment findings of pediatric leukemia.
- abnormal cbc
- bone or joint pain
- abdominal swelling
- weight loss
This cancer is when many cancer cells die in a short period. Contents are released into the blood stream.
Tumor Lysis syndrome
Tumor is compressing the SVC and blood can’t drain from upper body.
SVC Syndrome
