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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

No spread to lymph nodes or other tissues. Which stage?

A

Early Stage 1

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2
Q

Tumor cells spread to nearby tissue. Mass may have grown in size. Spread to lymph nodes. Which stage?

A

Localized stage 2

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3
Q

Cancer affects more surrounding tissue. May have grown and spread to lymph nodes away from the mass. Which stage?

A

Regional spread stage 3

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4
Q

Cancer spreads to other tissues/ organs beyond initial location. Sometimes called “advanced” or “metastic” cancer. Which stage?

A

Distant spread stage 4

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5
Q

Tissue of the bone marrow

A

Myeloid

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6
Q

Arises from the myeloid tissue

A

myeloma

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7
Q

Arises from the surface, or epithelium

A

carcinoma

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8
Q

Arises from the connective tissue

A

sarcoma

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9
Q

Name 3 “CAUTION” cancer classic warning signs.

A

N - Nagging cough or hoarseness
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
A - A sore that doesn’t heal

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10
Q

What are the 4 key side effects of chemotherapy.

A
  1. Anemia - fatigue
  2. Thrombocytopenia - bleeding risk
  3. Neutropenia - immunosuppression
  4. GI upset - N/V and LOA
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11
Q

Who should handle oral chemo at home?

A

The client and caregiver

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12
Q

Wear _____ while handling chemo at home.

A

gloves

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13
Q

(chemo at home) If medication spills, clean the spills ____ _____.

A

Right Away

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14
Q

(Chemo at home) I medication gets on the skin, wash and rinse using _____ and ______ right away.

A

soap and water

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15
Q

(chemo at home) Wash anything soiled with bodily fluids ______.

A

Separately

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16
Q

When cleaning chemo drugs wear? (3)

A

Googles
face shield
N95

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17
Q

Where should used PPE, IV tubing, and incontinence pads go?

A

Hazardous waste container

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18
Q

Name 3 internal Radiation Precautions

A
  1. Flush the toilet twice after each use
  2. Drink extra fluids
  3. Avoid contact with pets
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19
Q

Name 3 Neutropenic precautions

A
  1. No LIVE vaccines, avoid invasive procedures
  2. no visitors or staff with infectious illnesses
  3. Hand-washing before entering the room
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20
Q

Which Leukemia typically has a poor outcome?

A

Acute Myelogenous leukemia

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21
Q

Arthralgia is pain in the _____.

A

joints

22
Q

name 3 key assessments in Leukemia patients.

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Fatigue
  3. Bleeding
23
Q

Name 4 key side effects of leukemia chemo treatment.

A
  1. Infection
  2. Bleeding
  3. Weight loss
  4. GI upset(N/V - LOA)
24
Q

What does lymphoma impair?

A

The body’s natural immune response

25
Q

What is Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

localized

26
Q

What is non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

multiple lymph nodes are involved

27
Q

Name 2 key assessments in lymphoma patients

A
  1. painless swelling of lymph nodes
  2. Night sweats
28
Q

name 3 signs & symptoms of Lung Cancer

A
  1. hemoptysis (bloody cough)
  2. SOB
  3. difficulty swallowing
29
Q

Lobectomy is surgical removal of?

A

one lobe

30
Q

Pneumonectomy is removal of?

A

An entire lung

31
Q

What causes cancer of the esophagus?

A

Long-term exposure of irritants such as alcohol and tobacco.

32
Q

Name 2 clinical manifestations of cancer of the esophagus.

A
  1. chest pain
  2. dysphagia
33
Q

Cancer of the stomach is an infection with?

A

H Pylori

34
Q

Name 3 dietary factors can cause stomach cancer.

A
  1. high salt intake
  2. food additives
  3. low intake of fruits and vegetables
35
Q

Atrophic gastristitis is chronic inflammation of the _______ lining.

A

stomach

36
Q

What are the 4 predisposing factors of breast cancer.

A
  1. gender (females)
  2. Age (+55)
  3. Menopause
  4. genetics - BRCA1 / 2 genes
37
Q

Lumpectomy is removal of the breast _____.

A

tumor

38
Q

The most common hormone therapy for breast cancer is?

A

Tamoxifen

39
Q

How old should you be when getting digital rectal exams? (DRE)

A

40 years old and older

40
Q

name 3 common symptoms of prostate cancer.

A
  1. dribbling urine after starting stream
  2. bone pain (often low and pelvis)
  3. straining when urinating
41
Q

What are the 3 risk factors of testicular cancer?

A
  1. abnormal testicle development
  2. hx of testicular cancer
  3. hx of undescended testicle
42
Q

symptoms of testicular cancer (4)

A
  1. testicular discomfort
  2. heaviness in the scrotum
  3. enlargement
  4. change in feel
43
Q

What is an orchiectomy?

A

removal of the testicle

44
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is cancer of the ____ ____ _____ of the epidermis.

A

very top layer

45
Q

Melanoma is most commonly located on the ____ or ____.

A

trunk or legs

46
Q

Wilms tumor is?

A

Childhood kidney tumor

47
Q

Name 2 assessments of Wilms Tumor.

A
  1. swelling or a palpable mass in the abdomen
  2. abdominal pain
48
Q

What imaging studies do wilms tumor patients get?

A

Ultrasound / CT scan

49
Q

Name 4 assessment findings of pediatric leukemia.

A
  1. abnormal cbc
  2. bone or joint pain
  3. abdominal swelling
  4. weight loss
50
Q

This cancer is when many cancer cells die in a short period. Contents are released into the blood stream.

A

Tumor Lysis syndrome

51
Q

Tumor is compressing the SVC and blood can’t drain from upper body.

A

SVC Syndrome

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (63 decks)

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