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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

What hormones do the Pituitary Gland secrete?

A

1.TSH
2. FSH
3. LH
4. Oxytocin
5. ADH / Vasopressin

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2
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A
  1. T3
  2. T4
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3
Q

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Steroids
1. glucocorticoids
2. mineralocorticoids

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4
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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5
Q

Glucocorticoids affect ________, cause _______, breakdown ______ & ______, and inhibit ________.

A

mood, immunosuppression, fats/proteins, insulin

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6
Q

Another word for mineralocorticoids is ______.

A

aldosterone

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7
Q

Aldosterone retains? and excretes?

A

retains sodium and water. And excretes potassium.

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8
Q

What is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Norepi / Epi (catecholamines)

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9
Q

What is norepi’s function?

A

To vasoconstrictor (increase the BP)

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10
Q

What are the three functions of epinephrine?

A
  1. Increase the bodies metabolism.
  2. Increase glucose levels in the blood.
  3. Inhibit secretion of insulin.
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11
Q

If there is an increase in ADH then what will increase?

A

The BP

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12
Q

Thyroid hormones = ?

A

energy

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13
Q

Which hormone controls the release of T3 and T4?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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14
Q

Low T3 and T4 cause a ______ TSH

A

high (and vice versa)

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15
Q

Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in ______ ________.

A

serum calcium

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16
Q

How does the PTH cause an increase in serum calcium?

A

Calcium is pulled out of the bones into the blood.

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17
Q

What is released when serum calcium levels increase?

A

Calcitonin

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18
Q

__________ protects against hypercalcemia.

A

Calcitonin

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19
Q

Normal BG level?

A

70-110

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20
Q

Glycogen is _____ _______.

A

stored glucose

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21
Q

When is glycogen released?

A

When the blood sugar is low?

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22
Q

What is the action of methylprednisolone?

A

It suppresses inflammation and normal immune response.

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23
Q

Name 4 side effects of methylprednisolone?

A
  1. Immunosuppression
  2. Hyperglycemia
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Delayed wound healing
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24
Q

Epinephrine will _____ the HR

A

increase

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25
Q

Levothyroxine replaces _______.

A

T4

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26
Q

Name 3 nursing considerations of Levothyroxine.

A
  1. Take on an empty stomach
  2. Take at the same time everyday
  3. Lifelong therapy
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27
Q

Iodione (Lugol’s), radioactive iodine, and Methimazole.

A

Antithyroid medications

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28
Q

Radioative iodine _______ thyroid cells.

A

kills

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29
Q

methimazole stops the thyroid from producing _____ and ______.

A

T3 / T4

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30
Q

Lugol’s reduces the ______ and _____ of the thyroid gland.

A

size / vascularity

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31
Q

Calcium chloride, calcium glutinate, and lactate all ________.

A

increase serum calcium

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32
Q

Biphosphnates such as alendronate / risedronate all ________.

A

decrease serum calcium

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33
Q

Calcitonin ________ serum calcium.

A

lowers

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34
Q

Insulin aspart and lispro are which type of insulins?

A

Rapid-acting

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35
Q

Which insulin is short-acting?

A

Regular

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36
Q

Which insulin is intermediate acting?

A

NPH

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37
Q

Which insulin is Long-acting?

A

Glargine

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38
Q

Which insulin is cloudy?

A

NPH

39
Q

Which insulin has no peak times?

A

Long-acting / Glargine

40
Q

Never ______ insulin.

A

freeze

41
Q

Clear to _______. ________ 1st / _______ 2nd.

A

Cloudy
Regular / NPH

42
Q

Can only give _____ insulin via IV.

A

Regular

43
Q

Glucagon is administered _______. (which route?)

A

IM

44
Q

Glimepiride / glyburide. metformin / rosiglitazone / Pioglitazone are all _______.

A

anti diabetic medications

45
Q

Do not give metformin to who?

A

renal / hepatic impairment

46
Q

Which insulin should you hold for 24 to 48 hours after an study with UV contrast.

A

Metformin

47
Q

Addison’s Disease is a decrease in ________, _______, and ______ hormones.

A
  1. glucocorticoids
  2. mineralocorticoids
  3. sex hormones
48
Q

Name 4 assessments you will see in a patient with Addison’s disease?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Weight Loss
  3. Hypoglycemia
  4. Hypotension
49
Q

An addisonian patient with adrenal crisis will have ________ potassium and _______ sodium.

A

Increased / decreased

50
Q

What is the #1 priority treatment in adrenal crisis?

A

Shock! Need to give IV fluid administration and increased sodium intake.

51
Q

Name 3 treatments in Adrenal crisis.

A
  1. I&O’s
  2. Daily Weight
  3. Replace Steroids (prednisolone, Fludrocortisone)
52
Q

In Cushing’s disease there is _______ steroids.

A

excess

53
Q

Name 4 assessments you will see in a patient with Cushing’s Disease.

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. mood alteration
  3. oily skin / acne
  4. Fat redistribution
54
Q

In Cushing’s there will be a retention in _______ and _______. and _______ is excreted.

A

fluid / sodium / potassium

55
Q

name the treatment of Cushing’s.

A
  1. Adrenalectomy (avoid infection)
56
Q

________ disease is the caused by a tumor on the adrenal gland.

A

Conn’s Disease (primary aldosteronism)

57
Q

In pheochromocytoma there is _____ HR and ____ contractility.

A

increase / increase

58
Q

In pheochromocytoma what should you avoid doing?

A

palpating the abdomen

59
Q

Name 4 assessments of pheochromocytoma.

A
  1. Diaphoresis
  2. Chest pain
  3. Severe HA
  4. Abdominal pain
60
Q

What is the medical tx for pheochromocytoma?

A

Alpha / Beta blockers

61
Q

In DI there _____ ______ ADH in the body.

A

not enough

62
Q

DI leads to ______, ________, _______.

A

FVD / Hypotension / Shock

63
Q

Name 4 assessments of DI.

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Muscle Cramps
  3. Large amounts of urine
  4. Dry eyes
64
Q

In DI the urine will be _______ and the blood will be ______.

A

dilute / concentrated

65
Q

With DI you need to monitor ______ status.

A

Neuro Status

66
Q

In DI you replace fluids with ______ fluids.

A

Isotonic

67
Q

In SIADH is there ____ ____ ADH.

A

too much

68
Q

in SIADH only _____ is retained NOT ______.

A

water / sodium

69
Q

Name 4 assessment of SIADH

A
  1. NO peripheral edema
  2. Low serum sodium
  3. Anorexia
  4. Weight gain
70
Q

1 tx in precaution with SIADH

A

Seizure precautions

71
Q

Which fluid is used to replace SIADH loss?

A

Hypertonic saline

72
Q

In Hypothyroidism there is _____ T4 and _____ TSH.

A

low / high

73
Q

Remember in Hypothyroidism things will ______ down.

A

Slow

74
Q

Name 4 assessments of hypothyroidism.

A
  1. thinning hair loss
  2. puffy face
  3. cool extremities
  4. enlarged thyroid
75
Q

________ is the tx for hypothyroidism.

A

Levothyroxine

76
Q

Take Levothyroxine on a ______ stomach.

A

empty

77
Q

In Hyperthyroidism there is ______ T4 and ______ TSH.

A

high / low

78
Q

Name 3 assessments of Graves disease.

A
  1. Goiter
  2. Exophthalmos
  3. Nausea / Diarrhea
79
Q

Name 4 S/Sx of a Thyroid Storm.

A
  1. Fever (high)
  2. Very high HR
  3. SOB
  4. Palpitations
80
Q

Name 2 Risk Factors of Thyroid Storm.

A
  1. Graves Disease
  2. Recent Thyroid Surgery
81
Q

Name 3 medications for Graves disease.

A
  1. Methimazole
  2. Iodine compounds
  3. Radioactive Iodine therapy
82
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is a ______ in CA and _____ in Phosphorus.

A

decrease / phosphorus

83
Q

When there is a decrease in Ca everything is ______.

A

Excited

84
Q

In hyperparathyroidism there is an _____ in CA and _____ in Phosphorus.

A

Increase / decrease

85
Q

In Hyperparathyroidism there is an increase in serum _______.

A

Calcium

86
Q

Type 1 DM assessments. Name 4

A
  1. Frequent urination
  2. Blurred Vision
  3. Extreme Hunger
  4. Increased Thirst
87
Q

Name 4 early signs of DKA.

A
  1. Thirsty
  2. High ketone levels in urine
  3. High blood glucose levels
  4. Urinary Frequency
88
Q

Name 3 severe signs of DKA.

A
  1. Feeling weak or sleepy
  2. Dry/ flushed skin
  3. Abdominal pain
89
Q

Type 2 DM symptoms. Name 4.

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Tingling / numbness in hands and feet.
  3. Slow wound healing
  4. Frequent urination
90
Q

HHNS is an exacerbation of Type ____ DM. and there are ____ Ketones.

A

Type 2 / No

91
Q

Name 3 longterm DM treatments.

A
  1. Excercise when BG is at its highest.
  2. Metformin
  3. Eat protein and veggies
92
Q

‘TIRED’ sign of Hypoglycemia.

A

T - Tachycardia
I - Irritability
R - Restlessness
E - Excessive Hunger
D - Diaphoresis

93
Q

Name 4 assessments of Hypoglycemia.

A
  1. Cold
  2. Clammy
  3. Confused
  4. Irritable
94
Q

If the client is unconscious from hypoglycemia what do you do?

A

If IV access push D50W . If no IV - IM Glucagon

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (57 decks)

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