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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones do the Pituitary Gland secrete?

A

1.TSH
2. FSH
3. LH
4. Oxytocin
5. ADH / Vasopressin

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2
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A
  1. T3
  2. T4
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3
Q

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Steroids
1. glucocorticoids
2. mineralocorticoids

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4
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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5
Q

Glucocorticoids affect ________, cause _______, breakdown ______ & ______, and inhibit ________.

A

mood, immunosuppression, fats/proteins, insulin

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6
Q

Another word for mineralocorticoids is ______.

A

aldosterone

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7
Q

Aldosterone retains? and excretes?

A

retains sodium and water. And excretes potassium.

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8
Q

What is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Norepi / Epi (catecholamines)

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9
Q

What is norepi’s function?

A

To vasoconstrictor (increase the BP)

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10
Q

What are the three functions of epinephrine?

A
  1. Increase the bodies metabolism.
  2. Increase glucose levels in the blood.
  3. Inhibit secretion of insulin.
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11
Q

If there is an increase in ADH then what will increase?

A

The BP

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12
Q

Thyroid hormones = ?

A

energy

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13
Q

Which hormone controls the release of T3 and T4?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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14
Q

Low T3 and T4 cause a ______ TSH

A

high (and vice versa)

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15
Q

Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in ______ ________.

A

serum calcium

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16
Q

How does the PTH cause an increase in serum calcium?

A

Calcium is pulled out of the bones into the blood.

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17
Q

What is released when serum calcium levels increase?

A

Calcitonin

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18
Q

__________ protects against hypercalcemia.

A

Calcitonin

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19
Q

Normal BG level?

A

70-110

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20
Q

Glycogen is _____ _______.

A

stored glucose

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21
Q

When is glycogen released?

A

When the blood sugar is low?

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22
Q

What is the action of methylprednisolone?

A

It suppresses inflammation and normal immune response.

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23
Q

Name 4 side effects of methylprednisolone?

A
  1. Immunosuppression
  2. Hyperglycemia
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Delayed wound healing
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24
Q

Epinephrine will _____ the HR

A

increase

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25
Levothyroxine replaces _______.
T4
26
Name 3 nursing considerations of Levothyroxine.
1. Take on an empty stomach 2. Take at the same time everyday 3. Lifelong therapy
27
Iodione (Lugol's), radioactive iodine, and Methimazole.
Antithyroid medications
28
Radioative iodine _______ thyroid cells.
kills
29
methimazole stops the thyroid from producing _____ and ______.
T3 / T4
30
Lugol's reduces the ______ and _____ of the thyroid gland.
size / vascularity
31
Calcium chloride, calcium glutinate, and lactate all ________.
increase serum calcium
32
Biphosphnates such as alendronate / risedronate all ________.
decrease serum calcium
33
Calcitonin ________ serum calcium.
lowers
34
Insulin aspart and lispro are which type of insulins?
Rapid-acting
35
Which insulin is short-acting?
Regular
36
Which insulin is intermediate acting?
NPH
37
Which insulin is Long-acting?
Glargine
38
Which insulin is cloudy?
NPH
39
Which insulin has no peak times?
Long-acting / Glargine
40
Never ______ insulin.
freeze
41
Clear to _______. ________ 1st / _______ 2nd.
Cloudy Regular / NPH
42
Can only give _____ insulin via IV.
Regular
43
Glucagon is administered _______. (which route?)
IM
44
Glimepiride / glyburide. metformin / rosiglitazone / Pioglitazone are all _______.
anti diabetic medications
45
Do not give metformin to who?
renal / hepatic impairment
46
Which insulin should you hold for 24 to 48 hours after an study with UV contrast.
Metformin
47
Addison's Disease is a decrease in ________, _______, and ______ hormones.
1. glucocorticoids 2. mineralocorticoids 3. sex hormones
48
Name 4 assessments you will see in a patient with Addison's disease?
1. Fatigue 2. Weight Loss 3. Hypoglycemia 4. Hypotension
49
An addisonian patient with adrenal crisis will have ________ potassium and _______ sodium.
Increased / decreased
50
What is the #1 priority treatment in adrenal crisis?
Shock! Need to give IV fluid administration and increased sodium intake.
51
Name 3 treatments in Adrenal crisis.
1. I&O's 2. Daily Weight 3. Replace Steroids (prednisolone, Fludrocortisone)
52
In Cushing's disease there is _______ steroids.
excess
53
Name 4 assessments you will see in a patient with Cushing's Disease.
1. hyperglycemia 2. mood alteration 3. oily skin / acne 4. Fat redistribution
54
In Cushing's there will be a retention in _______ and _______. and _______ is excreted.
fluid / sodium / potassium
55
name the treatment of Cushing's.
1. Adrenalectomy (avoid infection)
56
________ disease is the caused by a tumor on the adrenal gland.
Conn's Disease (primary aldosteronism)
57
In pheochromocytoma there is _____ HR and ____ contractility.
increase / increase
58
In pheochromocytoma what should you avoid doing?
palpating the abdomen
59
Name 4 assessments of pheochromocytoma.
1. Diaphoresis 2. Chest pain 3. Severe HA 4. Abdominal pain
60
What is the medical tx for pheochromocytoma?
Alpha / Beta blockers
61
In DI there _____ ______ ADH in the body.
not enough
62
DI leads to ______, ________, _______.
FVD / Hypotension / Shock
63
Name 4 assessments of DI.
1. Tachycardia 2. Muscle Cramps 3. Large amounts of urine 4. Dry eyes
64
In DI the urine will be _______ and the blood will be ______.
dilute / concentrated
65
With DI you need to monitor ______ status.
Neuro Status
66
In DI you replace fluids with ______ fluids.
Isotonic
67
In SIADH is there ____ ____ ADH.
too much
68
in SIADH only _____ is retained NOT ______.
water / sodium
69
Name 4 assessment of SIADH
1. NO peripheral edema 2. Low serum sodium 3. Anorexia 4. Weight gain
70
#1 tx in precaution with SIADH
Seizure precautions
71
Which fluid is used to replace SIADH loss?
Hypertonic saline
72
In Hypothyroidism there is _____ T4 and _____ TSH.
low / high
73
Remember in Hypothyroidism things will ______ down.
Slow
74
Name 4 assessments of hypothyroidism.
1. thinning hair loss 2. puffy face 3. cool extremities 4. enlarged thyroid
75
________ is the tx for hypothyroidism.
Levothyroxine
76
Take Levothyroxine on a ______ stomach.
empty
77
In Hyperthyroidism there is ______ T4 and ______ TSH.
high / low
78
Name 3 assessments of Graves disease.
1. Goiter 2. Exophthalmos 3. Nausea / Diarrhea
79
Name 4 S/Sx of a Thyroid Storm.
1. Fever (high) 2. Very high HR 3. SOB 4. Palpitations
80
Name 2 Risk Factors of Thyroid Storm.
1. Graves Disease 2. Recent Thyroid Surgery
81
Name 3 medications for Graves disease.
1. Methimazole 2. Iodine compounds 3. Radioactive Iodine therapy
82
Hypoparathyroidism is a ______ in CA and _____ in Phosphorus.
decrease / phosphorus
83
When there is a decrease in Ca everything is ______.
Excited
84
In hyperparathyroidism there is an _____ in CA and _____ in Phosphorus.
Increase / decrease
85
In Hyperparathyroidism there is an increase in serum _______.
Calcium
86
Type 1 DM assessments. Name 4
1. Frequent urination 2. Blurred Vision 3. Extreme Hunger 4. Increased Thirst
87
Name 4 early signs of DKA.
1. Thirsty 2. High ketone levels in urine 3. High blood glucose levels 4. Urinary Frequency
88
Name 3 severe signs of DKA.
1. Feeling weak or sleepy 2. Dry/ flushed skin 3. Abdominal pain
89
Type 2 DM symptoms. Name 4.
1. Fatigue 2. Tingling / numbness in hands and feet. 3. Slow wound healing 4. Frequent urination
90
HHNS is an exacerbation of Type ____ DM. and there are ____ Ketones.
Type 2 / No
91
Name 3 longterm DM treatments.
1. Excercise when BG is at its highest. 2. Metformin 3. Eat protein and veggies
92
'TIRED' sign of Hypoglycemia.
T - Tachycardia I - Irritability R - Restlessness E - Excessive Hunger D - Diaphoresis
93
Name 4 assessments of Hypoglycemia.
1. Cold 2. Clammy 3. Confused 4. Irritable
94
If the client is unconscious from hypoglycemia what do you do?
If IV access push D50W . If no IV - IM Glucagon

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (62 decks)

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