Cardiac Flashcards
When auscultating a heart murmur you will hear a….
harsh blowing sound
A-fib has no _____ on the ekg.
P waves
The preferred medication for A-fib is…..
Dilitazem
Amiodaron is used for three arrhythmic?
- V-tach
- V-fib
- A-fib
Dilitazem, amiodaron, and labetolol all lower the…
HR
What is the d-dimer test?
Shows protein fragments a clot breakdown.
Ankle Brachial index assesses……
The vascular status of the lower extremities.
SVT has no……
P-waves
CK-MG measures what?
muscle cell death.
Highest CK-MG levels are at how many hours?
18 hours
What is an early manifestation of Heart Failure?
S3
Swooshign sound over the umbilicus could possibly be a ______.
(AAA) Abdominal aortic aneurysm.
(TEE) visualizes the..
Heart chambers and valves. It helps to see if there are any clots.
What does dofetilide treat? And what can it prolong?
a fib / aflutter
can prolong the QT interval .
Adenosine can treat?….
SVT
Colchine is a _____ and treats _______>
anti-inflammatory and treats pericarditis.
A pulse deficit is the difference between ______ and ________ pulses.
apical and peripheral pulses.
Atrium has mini disorganized mini contractions.
A-fib
Atria contracts at high rates and overrides the SA node over and over again.
A-flutter
Electrical signal starts in the ventricles. Ventricles are pumping so fast, not filling up with blood. Only pumping out table spoons of blood.
V-tach
Most deadly. Ventricles pacemakers are erratic - there is no CO.
V-fib
A rapid HR that starts above the ventricles.
Supra ventricular tachycardia
Some Atrial impulses are not conducting to the ventricles.
Wencheback 2nd degree type 1
Av node not working. Close to a complete heart block.
Mobitz 2
SA and AV node are not working, only the ventricles.
Torsades de pointes
Interventions for pulseless v-tach (4)
- CPR
- Defibrillator
- Epi
- Amiodarone or lidocaine
Interventions for stable v-tach
Amiodarone or lidocaine
Interventions for v-fib. (4)
- CPR
- Defibrillator
- Epi
- Amiodarone or lidocaine
Interventions of SVT (2)
- Vagal maneuvers
- Cardiovert adenosine
PVC interventions
BB’s
Amiodarone
Catheter ablation
What is acute coronary syndrome?
A sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Name 4 atypical clinical features of ACS.
- N/v
2.dyspnea
3.Increased fatigue - epigastric pain
Name 2 early signs of shock.
- Restlessness
- Tachycardia
List 2 common complications after a PCI.
- Shock
- Dysrhythmia
Dilitazem is a CCB and can cause ______ and _______.
Bradycardia and hypotension.
3rd degree heart block has no _________ after every other ________.
QRS / P-wave
What should you monitor when giving nitroprusside?
Thiocynate levels
Orthostatic hypotension is a _______ decrease in systolic pressure and ________ decrease in diastolic pressure.
20 / 10
Name two things that are not necessary to monitor after a PCI.
- blood glucose
- Troponin levels
Three key assessments of cardiac tamponade.
Beck’s triad
1. JVD
2. Low BP
3. Can’t hear heart sounds
Left sided HF is caused by ______.
HPTN
After a CABG ________ is common.
depression
CABG Teaching.
1.Limit pushing and pulling for 6 weeks.
2. don’t cross legs
3.Elevate the limb that was used.
4. sex is ok if the client cal walk 1 block or climb 2 flights of stairs.
Before a cardiac procedure stop taking anti-platelets ______ before.
1 week
Name 4 Valvular heart disease teachings.
- good oral hygiene
- no flossing
- no electrical toothbrush
4.no dental procedures for 6 months.
What is Raynauds phenomenon?
poor circulation which causes pain and a red, white and blue color in the extremities.
What is Buergers disease?
poor circulation that causes pain and a purple color in the extremities. It is associated with smoking and more common in men.
3 treatments for Raynauds and Burgers.
- Stop smoking
- wear warm clothes
- vasodilators
What is a electrolyte side effect of ace inhibitors (lisinopril / ramipril / enalapril)?
Hyperkalemia
Killer adverse reaction of ace and arbs.
Angioedema
What drugs should you avoid using when taking a BB that can cause severe hypotension.
erectile dysfunction drugs
Don’t drink this with CCB’s. (pine/ mil/ zem)
grapefruit juice
2 killer adverse effects of aspirin.
- bleeding
- ototoxicity
clopidogrel / prasugrel are ___________.
Antiplatelets
apixaban , dabigatran, rivaroxaban are _______.
Anticoagulants
Hold anticoagulants if platelets are less than <_________ or active ______.
150,000 / bleeding
enoxaparine and hep sub-q help to prevent _________.
clots for post-op or bedrest.
This medication prevents clots for those with arrhythmias or artificial valves.
warfarin
_______ is the antidote for warfarin.
Vitamin K
Antidote for heparin IV is _______.
protamine sulfate
when taking warfarin don’t increase or decrease ________.
amount of green leafy veggies consumed.
NTG decreases ______.
CO
CHF clients should not take _______ b/c it contributes to ________.
NSAIDS / fluid retention
You should exercise at least ________ minutes a week to prevent coronary artery disease.
150
decrease your sodium intake to ________ mg/ day to prevent coronary artery disease.
1500
Should you abruptly stop BP meds? yes or no.
NO
How should you position a client in Hypertensive crisis?
Semi fowlers
Change a clonidine patch every _______ days.
7
Dependent rubor is a classic manifestation of ________.
PAD
Why would a client that is sinus tachycardia need fluids?
To rehydrate
6 findings of infective endocarditis.
1.Fever
2.Night Sweats
3.Osler Nodes
4.Cardiac murmur
5.Weight loss
6.Malaise
6 Cardiac Tamponade manifestations.
1.Tachycardia
2.Tachypnea
3.Pericardial rub
4.JVD
5.hypotension
6.Narrowed Pulse Pressure
4 things that help increase CO.
- Increased SV
- Increased Sympathetic stimulation.
- Admin positive inotropic drugs (digoxin).
- Increased blood volume
What exercise is good for hypertension?
isometric
3 Acute MI signs.
- Denial
- hypotension
- orthopnea
2 signs of influenza
- Fever
- Non-productive cough
2 manifestations of Pulmonary TB.
- Fever
- Night Sweats
To diagnose IE you need to get a ________.
echo
When you shower with a picc line should you cover it?
yes
