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NGN-NCLEX 2024 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

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1
Q

When auscultating a heart murmur you will hear a….

A

harsh blowing sound

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2
Q

A-fib has no _____ on the ekg.

A

P waves

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3
Q

The preferred medication for A-fib is…..

A

Dilitazem

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4
Q

Amiodaron is used for three arrhythmic?

A
  1. V-tach
  2. V-fib
  3. A-fib
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5
Q

Dilitazem, amiodaron, and labetolol all lower the…

A

HR

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6
Q

What is the d-dimer test?

A

Shows protein fragments a clot breakdown.

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7
Q

Ankle Brachial index assesses……

A

The vascular status of the lower extremities.

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8
Q

SVT has no……

A

P-waves

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9
Q

CK-MG measures what?

A

muscle cell death.

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10
Q

Highest CK-MG levels are at how many hours?

A

18 hours

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11
Q

What is an early manifestation of Heart Failure?

A

S3

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12
Q

Swooshign sound over the umbilicus could possibly be a ______.

A

(AAA) Abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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13
Q

(TEE) visualizes the..

A

Heart chambers and valves. It helps to see if there are any clots.

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14
Q

What does dofetilide treat? And what can it prolong?

A

a fib / aflutter

can prolong the QT interval .

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15
Q

Adenosine can treat?….

A

SVT

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16
Q

Colchine is a _____ and treats _______>

A

anti-inflammatory and treats pericarditis.

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17
Q

A pulse deficit is the difference between ______ and ________ pulses.

A

apical and peripheral pulses.

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18
Q

Atrium has mini disorganized mini contractions.

A

A-fib

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19
Q

Atria contracts at high rates and overrides the SA node over and over again.

A

A-flutter

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20
Q

Electrical signal starts in the ventricles. Ventricles are pumping so fast, not filling up with blood. Only pumping out table spoons of blood.

A

V-tach

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21
Q

Most deadly. Ventricles pacemakers are erratic - there is no CO.

A

V-fib

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22
Q

A rapid HR that starts above the ventricles.

A

Supra ventricular tachycardia

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23
Q

Some Atrial impulses are not conducting to the ventricles.

A

Wencheback 2nd degree type 1

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24
Q

Av node not working. Close to a complete heart block.

A

Mobitz 2

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25
Q

SA and AV node are not working, only the ventricles.

A

Torsades de pointes

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26
Q

Interventions for pulseless v-tach (4)

A
  1. CPR
  2. Defibrillator
  3. Epi
  4. Amiodarone or lidocaine
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27
Q

Interventions for stable v-tach

A

Amiodarone or lidocaine

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28
Q

Interventions for v-fib. (4)

A
  1. CPR
  2. Defibrillator
  3. Epi
  4. Amiodarone or lidocaine
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29
Q

Interventions of SVT (2)

A
  1. Vagal maneuvers
  2. Cardiovert adenosine
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30
Q

PVC interventions

A

BB’s
Amiodarone
Catheter ablation

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31
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome?

A

A sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.

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32
Q

Name 4 atypical clinical features of ACS.

A
  1. N/v
    2.dyspnea
    3.Increased fatigue
  2. epigastric pain
33
Q

Name 2 early signs of shock.

A
  1. Restlessness
  2. Tachycardia
34
Q

List 2 common complications after a PCI.

A
  1. Shock
  2. Dysrhythmia
35
Q

Dilitazem is a CCB and can cause ______ and _______.

A

Bradycardia and hypotension.

36
Q

3rd degree heart block has no _________ after every other ________.

A

QRS / P-wave

37
Q

What should you monitor when giving nitroprusside?

A

Thiocynate levels

38
Q

Orthostatic hypotension is a _______ decrease in systolic pressure and ________ decrease in diastolic pressure.

A

20 / 10

39
Q

Name two things that are not necessary to monitor after a PCI.

A
  1. blood glucose
  2. Troponin levels
40
Q

Three key assessments of cardiac tamponade.

A

Beck’s triad
1. JVD
2. Low BP
3. Can’t hear heart sounds

41
Q

Left sided HF is caused by ______.

A

HPTN

42
Q

After a CABG ________ is common.

A

depression

43
Q

CABG Teaching.

A

1.Limit pushing and pulling for 6 weeks.
2. don’t cross legs
3.Elevate the limb that was used.
4. sex is ok if the client cal walk 1 block or climb 2 flights of stairs.

44
Q

Before a cardiac procedure stop taking anti-platelets ______ before.

A

1 week

45
Q

Name 4 Valvular heart disease teachings.

A
  1. good oral hygiene
  2. no flossing
  3. no electrical toothbrush
    4.no dental procedures for 6 months.
46
Q

What is Raynauds phenomenon?

A

poor circulation which causes pain and a red, white and blue color in the extremities.

47
Q

What is Buergers disease?

A

poor circulation that causes pain and a purple color in the extremities. It is associated with smoking and more common in men.

48
Q

3 treatments for Raynauds and Burgers.

A
  1. Stop smoking
  2. wear warm clothes
  3. vasodilators
49
Q

What is a electrolyte side effect of ace inhibitors (lisinopril / ramipril / enalapril)?

A

Hyperkalemia

50
Q

Killer adverse reaction of ace and arbs.

A

Angioedema

51
Q

What drugs should you avoid using when taking a BB that can cause severe hypotension.

A

erectile dysfunction drugs

52
Q

Don’t drink this with CCB’s. (pine/ mil/ zem)

A

grapefruit juice

53
Q

2 killer adverse effects of aspirin.

A
  1. bleeding
  2. ototoxicity
54
Q

clopidogrel / prasugrel are ___________.

A

Antiplatelets

55
Q

apixaban , dabigatran, rivaroxaban are _______.

A

Anticoagulants

56
Q

Hold anticoagulants if platelets are less than <_________ or active ______.

A

150,000 / bleeding

57
Q

enoxaparine and hep sub-q help to prevent _________.

A

clots for post-op or bedrest.

58
Q

This medication prevents clots for those with arrhythmias or artificial valves.

A

warfarin

59
Q

_______ is the antidote for warfarin.

A

Vitamin K

60
Q

Antidote for heparin IV is _______.

A

protamine sulfate

61
Q

when taking warfarin don’t increase or decrease ________.

A

amount of green leafy veggies consumed.

62
Q

NTG decreases ______.

A

CO

63
Q

CHF clients should not take _______ b/c it contributes to ________.

A

NSAIDS / fluid retention

64
Q

You should exercise at least ________ minutes a week to prevent coronary artery disease.

A

150

65
Q

decrease your sodium intake to ________ mg/ day to prevent coronary artery disease.

A

1500

66
Q

Should you abruptly stop BP meds? yes or no.

A

NO

67
Q

How should you position a client in Hypertensive crisis?

A

Semi fowlers

68
Q

Change a clonidine patch every _______ days.

A

7

69
Q

Dependent rubor is a classic manifestation of ________.

A

PAD

70
Q

Why would a client that is sinus tachycardia need fluids?

A

To rehydrate

71
Q

6 findings of infective endocarditis.

A

1.Fever
2.Night Sweats
3.Osler Nodes
4.Cardiac murmur
5.Weight loss
6.Malaise

72
Q

6 Cardiac Tamponade manifestations.

A

1.Tachycardia
2.Tachypnea
3.Pericardial rub
4.JVD
5.hypotension
6.Narrowed Pulse Pressure

73
Q

4 things that help increase CO.

A
  1. Increased SV
  2. Increased Sympathetic stimulation.
  3. Admin positive inotropic drugs (digoxin).
  4. Increased blood volume
74
Q

What exercise is good for hypertension?

A

isometric

75
Q

3 Acute MI signs.

A
  1. Denial
  2. hypotension
  3. orthopnea
76
Q

2 signs of influenza

A
  1. Fever
  2. Non-productive cough
77
Q

2 manifestations of Pulmonary TB.

A
  1. Fever
  2. Night Sweats
78
Q

To diagnose IE you need to get a ________.

A

echo

79
Q

When you shower with a picc line should you cover it?

A

yes

NGN-NCLEX 2024 (63 decks)

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