Final Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
What type of vaccine is rotavirus?
A
live attenuated
2
Q
What is the preferred IM injection site for a newborn 12 months and under?
A
vastus lateralis (thigh)
3
Q
Should you use the ventrogluteal site for injection in babies and kids?
A
no
4
Q
Opthamalic drops should be deposited where?
A
lower conjunctival sac
5
Q
Morphine and fentanyl are ____ ?
A
opiods
6
Q
What is the antidote for opiod toxicity?
A
naloxone
7
Q
Name some signs of opioid toxicity….
A
- pupillary constriction
- bradypnea
- hypotension
- decreased GI motility
8
Q
Can you suction a trach cath in a swirling motion?
A
yes
9
Q
Do you inflate a trach cath with oxygen?
A
no
10
Q
Name some key vasopressors?
A
epi
norepi
dobutamine
dopamine
vasopressin
11
Q
Vasopressors are used for what key thigs?
A
hypotension
shock
cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis
12
Q
alphas constrict what?
A
blood vessels
13
Q
The most severe side effect of aspirin is?
A
anaphylaxis
14
Q
The most severe side effect of acetaminophen is?
A
hepatic toxicity
kidney damage
hepatic failure
15
Q
what is the most severe side effect of ibuprofen?
A
gastric ulcers
16
Q
Is the MMR vaccine safe to admin to breastfeeding clients?
A
yes
17
Q
INH is also known as?
A
Isoniazide
18
Q
Isoniazid is prescribed for?
A
TB
19
Q
What is the most common adverse effect of TB drugs such as INH?
A
Hepatic toxicity - looks for signs of jaundice, clay colored stools, etc….
20
Q
INH depletes vitamine ____?
A
B6
21
Q
isosobidide is a ____?
A
nitrate (vasodilation)
22
Q
Metformin depletes what vitamin?
A
B12
23
Q
When prescribed enoxaparin a client should monitor what lab value?
A
platelets
24
Q
Is ABO compatibility with platelets required?
A
no
25
when applying a fentanyl patch use ____ and ___ sites.
gloves / rotate
26
Buprenorphine is given to prevent ____ withdrawal.
opioid
27
hydromorphone, methadone, and oxycodone are ____.
Opioids
28
name some side effects of morphine (opioid)
pruritis
constipation
urinary retention
emesis
pupil construction
29
Ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, celecoxib, indomethacin are _____.
NSAIDs
30
Acetylasalicylic Acid is also known as _____.
Aspirin
31
should you discontinue aspirin before surgery?
yes (5-7 days)
32
When is aspirin used in kids?
Kawasaki Disease
33
Name some signs of aspirin toxicity?
nausea
tinnitus
pulmonary edema
hyperventilation
34
What is Reyes syndrome?
It causes brain & liver damage.
35
______ is no anti-inflammatory action.
acetaminophen (used for mild to moderate pain and fever)
36
what is the treatment for acetaminophen toxicity?
activated charcoal
n-acetylcysteine (antidote)
gastric aspiration & lavage
37
whats the max daily acetaminophen dose?
3 grams
38
pril is ____
ace
39
sartan is ____
ARBs
40
mil is ______
CCBs
41
hydralazine is a ____
dilator
42
Name some side effects of ARBs
angioedema
dry cough
HA
43
name some nursing considerations of angioedema.
report dry cough
stop ace inhibitors for at least 36 hours before taking other meds
44
sartans are good for?
CHF
DM
neuropathy
45
You do not give a CCB to a patient with a _____ block.
AV block because it slows the AV node
46
What is a main side effect of a CCB? 'mil' 'zem'.
Constipation (increase dietary fiber / fluid intake)
47
Caution CCB's 'mil' / 'zem' in ___ ___.
heart failure
48
Do calcium channels endng in 'pine' cause constpation?
no
49
what is the main side effect of CCB's that end in 'pine'.
gingival hyperplasia
don't interact with grapefruit juice.
50
CCB's are great for clients with ____ or _____.
HF or AV block
51
isosorbidide is a _____ and used to prevent ____.
vasodilator / angina
52
cilostazol is used to treat?
intermittent claudication from peripheral arterial disease.
53
Nitroglycerin is given every ___ minutes for ___ doses max.
5 / 3 doses max
54
betablockers mask symptoms of what?
hypoglycemia
55
Amiodarone, lidocaine, procainamide are _____.
antiarrhythmics
56
Don't give atropine (Cholinergic) to patients with ______.
glaucoma
57
adenosine indicated for _____.
SVT
58
What are some nursing considerations of Adenosine?
*a period of systole
*RAPID push or it will not work
*It will feel like someone kicked them in the chest.
59
Digoxin lowers the _____.
HR
60
Digoxin toxicity over 2.0 causes?
N/V
Dizzy
Vision (yellow green halos)
Anorexia
61
What is the antidote for digixine?
digoxin immune FAB
62
Potassium below ____ is a risk for digoxin toxicity.
3.5
63
Is licorice extract bad for clients taking digoxin?
yes
64
What are H1 antagonists drugs?
a class of drugs that treat allergic reactions by blocking histamine receptors in the central nervous system
65
H1 antagonist drugs end in?
(ine) diphenhydramine , chlorpheniramine , hydroxyzine etc.....
66
Do not give anticholinergics (ine) with other CNS depressants such as?
alcohol & opioids
66
Be extremely cautious giving anticholinergics to what two types of patients?
Glaucoma & BPG (cant urinate)
67
What are Glucocorticoids?
a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
68
Name some glucocortiod drugs?
drugs ending in solone, sone, etc....
69
budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone are all inhaled _____.
inhaled glucocorticoids
70
Which glucocorticoids cause oral fungal infections?
Budenoside, ciclesonide, fluticasone. Rinse after use.
71
What are some side effects of glucocorticoids?
fluid retention, muscle wasting, immunosuppression, metabolic disturbances.
72
Zafirlukast & montelukast are what type of anatgonist?
block the action of leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals released by the body.
73
Is montelukast for short term or longterm use?
longterm - do NOT use for attacks
74
What lab do you need to monitor when taking 'lukast' drugs?
monitor ALT (can cause liver injury)
75
Beta 2 agonists open the airway. The drugs end in '___'?
rol (albuterol) good for asthma attacks
76
respiratory drugs ending in 'pium' are what type of drugs?
anticholinergics
77
drugs ending in 'Phylline' are fast or slow acting bronchodilators?
slower bronchodilators
78
How long of an interval between inhalations?
at least 1 minute
79
If a client is experiencing respiratory distress give _____ 1st.
Albuterol
80
What do B2 agonists (erol) mask signs of?
hypoglycemia (also don't give to glaucoma clients.)
81
Do not give theophylline with _____, it can cause CNS stimulation & seizures.
ciprofloxacin
82
What is the therapeutic level for Phenytoin?
10-20
83
What are some signs of phenytoin toxicity?
Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) , gait issues, mental status changes & slurred speech
84
Are routine labs needed for phenytoin?
yes (because of narrow therapeutic level)
85
type of toothbrush to use for phenytoin?
soft bristle brush d/t gingival hyperplasia *don't stop taking the drug its expected.
86
What is the antidote for lorazepam?
flumazenil
87
what are some adverse effects of phenytoin?
new rash (new / painful)
suicidal ideation
88
low dopamine =
low movement
89
what are some side effects of carbidopa/ levodopa?
hallucinations (psychosis) o
orthostatic hypotension
90
When does carbidopa / levodopa take a full therapeutic effect?
a few months
91
_______ interferes with the absorption of levodopa.
protein (so low protein meals) *carbs are ok :)
92
donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are used to improve the symptoms of? *cholinergic side effects
Alzheimer's
