Rectum: Relations And Mucosa

Question 1

Anterior male: upper 2/3

Answer 1

Covered by peritoneum and related to pelvic colon and ileum coils which occupy rectovesical
pouch and separates rectum from urinary bladder

Question 2

Anterior male: lower 1/3

Answer 2

Devoid of peritoneum and related to back of urinary bladder base separated from it by:
1. 2 seminal vesicles and 2 vas deferences termination
2. Upper part of prostate posterior surface and rectovesical fascia

Question 3

Anterior female: upper 1/3

Answer 3

1. Covered by peritoneum
2. Related to pelvic colon and ileum coils which occupy Douglas pouch and separates rectum from uterus and vagina upper 1/3

Question 4

Anterior female: lower 1/3

Answer 4

1. Devoid of peritoneum
2. Related to middle 1/3 of vagina posterior wall

Question 5

Posterior: bones and ligaments

Answer 5

1. Lower 3 sacral vertebrae
2. Coccyx
3. Anococcygeal ligament

Question 6

Posterior: muscles

Answer 6

1. Piriformis
2. Coccygeus
3. Levator ani

Question 7

Posterior: vessels

Answer 7

1. Median sacral artery
2. Superior rectal artery
3. Lateral sacral arteries

Question 8

Posterior: nerves

Answer 8

1. Sacral sympathetic chains
2. Ganglion impar.
3. Sacral plexus

Question 9

Posterior

Answer 9

Rectum bed

Question 10

Lateral: upper 1/3

Answer 10

Para rectal fossa:
contains pelvic colon and ileum coils

Question 11

Lateral: lower 2/3

Answer 11

1. Levator ani and coccygeus
2. Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 12

Mucosa of rectum shows

Answer 12

1. Longitudinal folds
2. 3 transverse folds
   - Superior
   - Middle
   - Lower

Question 13

Longitudinal folds

Answer 13

Appear only when rectum is empty

Question 14

Transverse folds

Answer 14

1. Permanent and semilunar
2. Support feces and may aid in separation of feces from gas
3. Each fold lies on concave side of one of rectum 3 lateral flexures

Question 15

Superior fold

Answer 15

At rectum beginning and commonly project from left side

Question 16

Middle fold

Answer 16

1. Largest and most constant
2. Lies above rectal ampulla
3. Projects mainly from right wall

Question 17

Lower fold

Answer 17

Variable and projects from left side

Question 18

N.B.

Answer 18

Sometimes 4th fold is formed on left wall above middle fold