radiology part 2 Flashcards
film base
provides support and strength for delicate emulsion,
adhesive layer
covers both sides of the film base , attaches emulsion to the base
coating attached to both sides of the film base by the adhesive layer. gives the film greater sensitivity to x-radiation . A homogenous mixture of gelatine and silver halide crystals
film emulsion
2 most important ingredients of photographic emulsion
gelatin, silver halide crystals
halide crystals
chemical compound that is light or radiation sensitive
two types of silver halide crystals in the film emulsion
silver bromide, silver iodide
thin, transparent coating placed over the emulsion. Serves to protect the emulsion surface from manipulation as well as mechanical and processing damage
protective layer
t/f; silver halide crystals absorb x-radiation during X-ray. exposure and store the energy from the radiation
true
latent
existing but not yet developed
silver halide process chain
latent image, develop, stop, fix, visible image
intra oral film
placed inside the mouth
extra oral film
placed outside the mouth
duplicating film
used to make a identical copy of either intra or oral radiograph
components of intra-oral film packet
waterproof outer packaging, black paper wrapper, film, lead foil sheet
what is the identification dot for?
small raised bump in the corner, used to distinguish left or right sides when mounting.
on the film where should the white side face and raised dot face ?
white - directed toward the tube head
dot- points towards incisal/occlusal surface (for PA)
t/f; lead foil can be disposed of in general waste
false
0
for very little children (PA) (crown and root)and bitewing (BW) film
1
used in adult anterior PA with the paralleling technique
2
standard film, used for adults posterior PA and BW. Anterior PA with the bisecting technique .
3
used for extra long BW in adults. One film covers all teeth on one side of the mouth
4
used for occlusal films in adults only
periodical film (PA)
Used to examine entire tooth (crown and root) supporting bone
what size films can you use for periodical film
size 0,1,2
bitewing film
used to examine the crowns of both max and mand.
Useful in examining inter proximal or adjacent tooth surfaces
what bitewing helps you look for
caries, examine pulp chamber, overhangs, calculus
what sizes used for bitewing
0,1,2,3,
occlusal film
used for examination of the max or mand
t/f; occlusal film is larger than periodical or bitewing films
true
what occlusal film help you look for
retained roots, fractures, changes in size/shape of max and mand, salivary stones
what film sizes are used for occlusal film
2- used for occlusal exam on children
4- to show large areas of the upper or lower jaw
refers to the amount of radiation required to produce a radiograph of standard density
film speed
f-speed
has larger halide crystals than d-speed.
larger the crystal
faster the film speed
t/f; faster film creates images that are less sharp due to large crystal size
true
how much % reduction is f-speed compared to d-speed
60% reduction of the exposure time
gives overall view of the entire dentition, both max and mand, helpful for the third molar extractions
panoramic film
before taking a pan you should
explain procedure, place double sided apron, remove all jewelry anything that interferes
used by orthodontists for measuring cranial growth and development
cephalometric film
provides info on the head of the condyle, gelnoid fossa & articular eminence
tmj
used with intensifying screen, reduces amount of radiation to patient
screen films
does not require use of intensifying screen for exposure, requires more exposure time than screen film
non-screen films
cassette
used to hold the extra-oral film and intensifying screen
not exposed to X-rays, used only in the dark room, has emulsion on one side
duplicating film
