medical emergency Flashcards
what are the 4 vital signs
pulse rate, respiration, temperature, blood pressure
factors that influence vital signs
emotional; stress, fear
physical; illness, drinking, being rushed
what is the normal pulse rate for adult and children of 10+yrs
60-100 beats per minute
what is the normal pulse rate for children 1-10 yrs
70-130 beats per minute
what is the normal pulse rate birth to age 1
100-150 beats per minute
Tachycardia
increased pulse
bradycardia
decreased pulse
what caused increased pulse rates (tachycardia)
smoking, exercise, coffee, infections
what causes decreased pulse rates (bradycardia)
depressants, fasting, sleep deprivation
number of beats that occur during the counting period
rate
the pattern of the beats, such as skipping, speeding up, or slowing down of a beat
rhythm
the force of the beat, such as a strong or a weak beat
volume
radial artery
located on the inner surface of the wrist
what is the most commonly used artery in the dental office
radial artery
brachial artery
located on the inner fold of the arm. Also referred to as the “antecubital area” of the elbow
what artery is used when taking a patients blood pressure
brachial artery
carotid artery
found below the angle of the mandible.
which artery has the strongest pulse
carotid artery
what is the pulse rate
the rhythmic expansion of an artery as the heartbeats
what is respiration
a process of inhaling and exhaling. Function to supply oxygen to the tissues and elimante co2
Adult respiration values
10 -20 breaths per minute
child respiration values
18-30 breaths per minute
infant values (breaths)
30-50 breaths per minute
t/f; respiration in adult males is primarily abdominal (from the diaphragm)
true
t/f; respiration in adult females is primarily coastal ( from the chest)
true
apnea
absence of breathing
dyspnea
painful and difficult breathing
hyperpnea
increased rate of respiration
rales
bubbling, rattling, crackling sound
define temperature
degree of hotness or coldness of the body internal environment
average oral reading
37 degree/ 98.6 F
normal oral range
36.4-37.3 degree / 97.6-99 F
oral
under tongue
tympanic
ear
axillary
underarm
rectal
anal
forehead
temporal
types of thermometers
glass, digital, tympanic, temporal scanner
medulla oblongata
the control center of the brain.
Controls blood pressure pulse and respiration
temperature is controlled by the
hypothalamus
Define blood pressure
amount of labor the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body
systolic pressure
sharp tapping sounds.
The highest pressure is exerted by the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
diastolic pressure
soft tapping sounds.
Reflects the heart muscle at rest, allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction occurs
normal blood pressure should be
less than 120/80
hypertension
higher than normal blood pressure
hypotension
lower than normal blood pressure
hypertension stage 1
140-159/90-99
hypertension stage 2
160-179/100-109
hypertension stage 3
higher than 180/110 emergency care is needed
sphygmomanometer (cuff and gauge)
the instrument used to measure blood pressure by controlling the flow of the blood In the artery
stethoscope
used to amplify korotkoff sounds that occur within the artery
korotkoff sounds
sounds produced by the blood rushing back into the brachial artery, which has been collapsed by the pressure of the bp cuff
arrhythmia
irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat
tachycardia
increased pulse
bradycardia
resting heart rates that are abnormally low
fetid
foul breath may indicate a lung, bronchial or digestive infection or disorder
acetone
the sweet, fruity breath may indicate diabetes
ammonia
indicates kidney problems
alcohol
the patient may have been drinking or taking certain drugs
color of an oxygen tank
green
components of oxygen equipment
oxygen tank, regulator, pressure gauge, flowmeter, face mask
nitroglycerin
vasodilator for angina will increase oxygenated blood supply to the heart
antihistamines
for allergic reactions
epinephrine
pre-loaded EpiPen for anaphylactic shock
bronchodilator
for asthma
(emergency kit) pocket mask
for mouth to mouth ventilation
(emergency kit) ammonia inhalent
for fainting (syncope)
(emergency kit) sugar cubes
for hypoglycemia/insulin shock
(emergency kit) atropine
to increase pulse rate
unconsciousness
syncope/fainting
altered consciousness
hypoglycemia( insulin shock) is most common or abnormally low blood sugar
what are an abscessed tooth and the signs and symptoms
one of the most common dental emergencies, tooth has become infected.
symptoms include pain, swelling and heat
