chapter 13,14,17,19 Flashcards
study of disease of the oral cavity
oral pathology
the study of the cause of disease
etiology
idiopathic
the cause of the disease is unknown
lesion
abnormal tissues in the oral cavity
a malformation or a difference from the normal
abnormalities
sign
disease someone other than the patient can see
symptom
a disease that is observed by the patient, only you can feel
t/f; RDA are allowed to diagnose
false
t/f; inflammation is NOT a disease, it is the body defense to irritation or injury
true
acute inflammation
short-lasting, the immediate, and the localized protective response of the body to physical injury
chronic. inflammation
a long-lasting, slow ongoing process that may result in permanent tissue damage
four signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, pain, heat
periodontal disease
infectious disease and is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults
symptoms and signs of periodontal diease
red, swollen, tender gingiva. Bleeding gingiva while brushing. Pain or pressure while chewing
a tumor made up of remnants of dental lamina that failed to disintegrate after tooth buds were formed
ameloblastoma
supernumerary aka hperdontia
extra teeth above the normal amount. Can be in both primary and permanent dentition
MESIOdens
tooth located between the maxillary central incisors
anodontia aka hypodontia
occurs during initiation & proliferation
absence of teeth, often third molars, maxillary lateral incisors, and second premolars. Could be hereditary
abnormally large teeth
macrodontia
abnormally small teeth
microdontia
Hutchinson’s incisors
peg-shaped teeth usually affects the lateral incisors
fusion
joining together of the dentin and the enamel of two or more separate developing teeth. ( 2 roots 1 tooth)
gemination
an attempt by the tooth bud to divide . (2 teeth 1 root)
concrescence
union of two teeth joined at the cementum( maxillary incisors)
tooth within a tooth
dens-in-dentin, disturbance of maxillary incisors
dilaceration
crooked root, bend or curve, usually in the molars
amelogenesis imperfecta (hereditary)
enamel formation is incomplete or defective
has white flecking or spotting on enamel
minor fluorosis
has pitted or brown stain in enamel
major fluorosis
natal teeth
present at birth above the gum line, removed shortly after birth
neonatal teeth
erupt within the first 30 days of life, usually on lower incisors but will fall out because of lack of root formation.
normal wearing away of tooth structure during chewing, (grinding and clenching of teeth)
attrition
technical term for bruising
ecchymosis
a crater like defect in the mucosa ; produces by slouging of necrotic tissue
ulcer
exostosis (aka torus or tori)
benign bony growth projecting outwards
a closed sac that is lined with epithelium and contains a fluid or semi solid material
cyst
erosion
cheek biting. Shallow defect in the mucosa caused by a mechanical trauma
general term to describe inflammation and changes to the tongue
glossitis
causes by poor oral hygiene , antibiotics or radiation treatment
black hairy tongue
nodule that contains granular tissue
granuloma
Oral manifestations of bulimia include
Dry mouth, enlargement of parotid gland, decalcification of enamel
CEMENToclasia (gone)
erosion/destruction of cementum
hypercementosis
abnormal thickening of the cementum on the roots
saliva is a fluid that provides
physical,chemical, antibacterial
what are caries
scientific term for tooth decay or cavities
Rampant caries
decay that develops rapidly and is widespread throughout the mouth
root caries
decay on the root surface of teeth that have gingival recession
secondary caries ( recurrent)
forms in tiny spaces between the tooth and the margins of a restoration
dental caries is caused by which two bacterias
MS- mutans streptococci
LB-Lactobacilli
Demineralization
loss of minerals from the tooth surface
Remineralization
minerals replenished to the tooth surface
Carious lesions develop in what two stages
Incipient caries (1st stage) - caries begins to demineralize enamel
Overt lesion (2nd stage) - development of cavity or hole
T/f; pulpities can be reversible or irreversible
True
Inflammation of dental pulp is
pulpities
ankyloglossia ( tongue tie)
short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue . Limits movement of the tongue .
localized collection of pus originating from an infection
abscess
nodule
a small mass of tissue or aggregation of cells , up to 1 cm may be flat or raised .
any mass of tissue that grows beyond the normal size and serves no useful purpose
tumours
benign AKA
Non life threatening
malignant AKA
life threatening
local swelling of the skin that contains watery fluid and is caused by burning infection or irritation
blisters
A small elevated pus-containing lesion of the skin
pustule
petechiae ( bruising)
small reddish or purplish colored blotches or marks on the skin
purpura (bruising)
purplish or reddish brown spots of discoloration caused by bleeding within underlying tissues
white , thick patches on the oral mucosa , cannot be removed . Often on cheeks, gums , or tongue
lehkoplakia
often appear as white patchy lesions of interconnecting lines called Wickham’s striae
lichen planus
candidiasis ( Like a yeast infection)
caused by the fungus candidaalbicans most common oral fungal infection, but does not occur in the healthy people
pseudomembrane means pertaining to
false membrane or tissue
hyperplastic candidiasis (tongue)
appears as white plaques that cannot be removed by scraping . Most often found on the buccal mucosa
Aphthous ulcers AKA canker sore
small oval shaped yellow color with a red margin . Can be caused by stress , injury to mouth .
A condition which an inflammation is uncontrolled within a localized area
cellulitis
surface of the tongue loses areas of the filiform papillae in irregularly shaped patterns
geographic tongue
deep groves in the tongue that run front to back
fissured tongue
t/f; Oral cancer is usually not painful in early stages so it frequently goes undetcted
True
A malignant tumour that invloves the bone
osteosarcoma
bells palsy
the paralysis of the facial nerve
Trismus (locked jaw)
limits in movement which leads to pain in chewing , yawning or widely opening of the mouth
periodontal disease can be caused by ..
dental plaque, calculus, malocclusions, certain medications
what is the most common human disease
gingivitis
T/F; there is NO tissue recession or loss of bone or connective tissue or associated with gingivitis
true
t/f; gingiva usually never bleeds
false
twinning
tooth bud division is complete. Results in the extra tooth. That tooth is usually a mirror image (or a twin)
enamel hypoplasia
defect of the teeth in which the enamel is incomplete. Leaves teeth to damage and decay easily.
during calcification, children ingest an excessive amount of ..
fluoride referred as “mottled enamel”
enamel pearls
a small mass of dentin covered with enamel. Found usually between the roots (furcation area)
Primary teeth in which the bone has fused to cementum and dentin. Prevents exfoliation of primary teeth and eruption of permanent teeth
ankylosis
Abrasion
wearing away from tooth structure. Caused from aggressive tooth brushing or harsh toothpaste
bruxism
involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that damages booth tooth surface and periodontal ligaments
impaction (wisdom teeth)
any tooth stays in the jaws longer than expected
necrotic pulp
pulp is dead
macrognathia
abnormally large jaw
macrogenia
large chin
micrognathia
abnormally small jaw
microgenia
small chin
torus palatinus
bony overgrowth in the midline of the hard palate
torus mandibularis
bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible
swelling or mass of blood collected in one area or organ
hematoma
