chapter 13,14,17,19 Flashcards by priya bagri

study of disease of the oral cavity

oral pathology

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the study of the cause of disease

etiology

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idiopathic

the cause of the disease is unknown

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lesion

abnormal tissues in the oral cavity

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a malformation or a difference from the normal

abnormalities

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sign

disease someone other than the patient can see

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symptom

a disease that is observed by the patient, only you can feel

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t/f; RDA are allowed to diagnose

false

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t/f; inflammation is NOT a disease, it is the body defense to irritation or injury

true

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acute inflammation

short-lasting, the immediate, and the localized protective response of the body to physical injury

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chronic. inflammation

a long-lasting, slow ongoing process that may result in permanent tissue damage

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four signs of inflammation

redness, swelling, pain, heat

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periodontal disease

infectious disease and is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults

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symptoms and signs of periodontal diease

red, swollen, tender gingiva. Bleeding gingiva while brushing. Pain or pressure while chewing

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a tumor made up of remnants of dental lamina that failed to disintegrate after tooth buds were formed

ameloblastoma

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supernumerary aka hperdontia

extra teeth above the normal amount. Can be in both primary and permanent dentition

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MESIOdens

tooth located between the maxillary central incisors

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anodontia aka hypodontia

occurs during initiation & proliferation

absence of teeth, often third molars, maxillary lateral incisors, and second premolars. Could be hereditary

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abnormally large teeth

macrodontia

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abnormally small teeth

microdontia

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Hutchinson’s incisors

peg-shaped teeth usually affects the lateral incisors

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fusion

joining together of the dentin and the enamel of two or more separate developing teeth. ( 2 roots 1 tooth)

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gemination

an attempt by the tooth bud to divide . (2 teeth 1 root)

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concrescence

union of two teeth joined at the cementum( maxillary incisors)

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tooth within a tooth

dens-in-dentin, disturbance of maxillary incisors

dilaceration

crooked root, bend or curve, usually in the molars

amelogenesis imperfecta (hereditary)

enamel formation is incomplete or defective

has white flecking or spotting on enamel

minor fluorosis

has pitted or brown stain in enamel

major fluorosis

natal teeth

present at birth above the gum line, removed shortly after birth

neonatal teeth

erupt within the first 30 days of life, usually on lower incisors but will fall out because of lack of root formation.

normal wearing away of tooth structure during chewing, (grinding and clenching of teeth)

attrition

technical term for bruising

ecchymosis

a crater like defect in the mucosa ; produces by slouging of necrotic tissue

ulcer

exostosis (aka torus or tori)

benign bony growth projecting outwards

a closed sac that is lined with epithelium and contains a fluid or semi solid material

cyst

erosion

cheek biting. Shallow defect in the mucosa caused by a mechanical trauma

general term to describe inflammation and changes to the tongue

glossitis

causes by poor oral hygiene , antibiotics or radiation treatment

black hairy tongue

nodule that contains granular tissue

granuloma

Oral manifestations of bulimia include

Dry mouth, enlargement of parotid gland, decalcification of enamel

CEMENToclasia (gone)

erosion/destruction of cementum

hypercementosis

abnormal thickening of the cementum on the roots

saliva is a fluid that provides

physical,chemical, antibacterial

what are caries

scientific term for tooth decay or cavities

Rampant caries

decay that develops rapidly and is widespread throughout the mouth

root caries

decay on the root surface of teeth that have gingival recession

secondary caries ( recurrent)

forms in tiny spaces between the tooth and the margins of a restoration

dental caries is caused by which two bacterias

MS- mutans streptococci | LB-Lactobacilli

Demineralization

loss of minerals from the tooth surface

Remineralization

minerals replenished to the tooth surface

Carious lesions develop in what two stages

Incipient caries (1st stage) - caries begins to demineralize enamel Overt lesion (2nd stage) - development of cavity or hole

T/f; pulpities can be reversible or irreversible

True

Inflammation of dental pulp is

pulpities

ankyloglossia ( tongue tie)

short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue . Limits movement of the tongue .

localized collection of pus originating from an infection

abscess

nodule

a small mass of tissue or aggregation of cells , up to 1 cm may be flat or raised .

any mass of tissue that grows beyond the normal size and serves no useful purpose

tumours

benign AKA

Non life threatening

malignant AKA

life threatening

local swelling of the skin that contains watery fluid and is caused by burning infection or irritation

blisters

A small elevated pus-containing lesion of the skin

pustule

petechiae ( bruising)

small reddish or purplish colored blotches or marks on the skin

purpura (bruising)

purplish or reddish brown spots of discoloration caused by bleeding within underlying tissues

white , thick patches on the oral mucosa , cannot be removed . Often on cheeks, gums , or tongue

lehkoplakia

often appear as white patchy lesions of interconnecting lines called Wickham’s striae

lichen planus

candidiasis ( Like a yeast infection)

caused by the fungus candidaalbicans most common oral fungal infection, but does not occur in the healthy people

pseudomembrane means pertaining to

false membrane or tissue

hyperplastic candidiasis (tongue)

appears as white plaques that cannot be removed by scraping . Most often found on the buccal mucosa

Aphthous ulcers AKA canker sore

small oval shaped yellow color with a red margin . Can be caused by stress , injury to mouth .

A condition which an inflammation is uncontrolled within a localized area

cellulitis

surface of the tongue loses areas of the filiform papillae in irregularly shaped patterns

geographic tongue

deep groves in the tongue that run front to back

fissured tongue

t/f; Oral cancer is usually not painful in early stages so it frequently goes undetcted

True

A malignant tumour that invloves the bone

osteosarcoma

bells palsy

the paralysis of the facial nerve

Trismus (locked jaw)

limits in movement which leads to pain in chewing , yawning or widely opening of the mouth

periodontal disease can be caused by ..

dental plaque, calculus, malocclusions, certain medications

what is the most common human disease

gingivitis

T/F; there is NO tissue recession or loss of bone or connective tissue or associated with gingivitis

true

t/f; gingiva usually never bleeds

false

twinning

tooth bud division is complete. Results in the extra tooth. That tooth is usually a mirror image (or a twin)

enamel hypoplasia

defect of the teeth in which the enamel is incomplete. Leaves teeth to damage and decay easily.

during calcification, children ingest an excessive amount of ..

fluoride referred as "mottled enamel"

enamel pearls

a small mass of dentin covered with enamel. Found usually between the roots (furcation area)

Primary teeth in which the bone has fused to cementum and dentin. Prevents exfoliation of primary teeth and eruption of permanent teeth

ankylosis

Abrasion

wearing away from tooth structure. Caused from aggressive tooth brushing or harsh toothpaste

bruxism

involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that damages booth tooth surface and periodontal ligaments

impaction (wisdom teeth)

any tooth stays in the jaws longer than expected

necrotic pulp

pulp is dead

macrognathia

abnormally large jaw

macrogenia

large chin

micrognathia

abnormally small jaw

microgenia

small chin

torus palatinus

bony overgrowth in the midline of the hard palate

torus mandibularis

bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible

swelling or mass of blood collected in one area or organ

hematoma