common medical emergencies in DO Flashcards
what is bronchospasm
partial obstruction of an airway . can progress to an asthma attack
treatment for bronchospasm
administer bronchodilator, watch for cyanosis
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of lips and nails
asthma attack
narrowing of bronchioles which causes breathlessness and wheezing
signs and symptoms of asthma
coughing, wheezing, anxiety, pallor, cyanosis
signs and symptoms of obstructed airways
grasping at the throat, ineffective cough, high pitched breathing sound
partial airway
partially occluded airflow to the lungs is impeded and sounds such as snoring, gurgling and crowing are emitted.
total airway
totally obstructed airway characterized by a lack of sounds or no evidence of any sound
the universal sign for choking
person grasps or clutches his or her throat
most common allergic reaction in dental offices
latex allergy
an allergic reaction also referred as
hypersensitivity
edema
swelling
erythema
redness
what is an anaphylactic shock
a severe allergic reaction to a foreign substance in the blood
anaphylactic signs and symptoms
extreme swelling, rash, bp drops, choking or coughing, swelling in the larynx & bronchi which causes airflow in breathing.
treatment for anaphylactic shock
specific allergy drug ( epinephrine)
signs and symptoms for hyperventilating
rapid shallow breathing, light-headed, tightness in the chest, panic
treatment for hyperventilation
calm patient using a quiet tone, ask the patient to breathe into a paper bag
Angina pectoris (aka angina)
result of decreased blood flow to the heart and narrowing of the arteries
a heart attack also referred as
myocardial infarction
nitroglycerin forms
tablet, spray, injections, transdermal patches
what is a heart attack
occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked or severely narrowed
heart attack treatment
call 911, give o2, nitroglycerin spray or pills
CPR stands for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
rate of compressions for an adult is
80-100 compressions per minute
A
airway; open the airway by the tilt-lift method
B
breathing; check for rising and fall of the chest
C
circulation; is monitored to determine whether the heart is beating
how to do chest compressions
the heel of your hand should be placed on the center of the chest between the nipple line.
t/f; denture aids in making an airtight seal. An airtight seal is important for ventilating the lungs adequately
true
stroke aka
cerebrovascular accident
define stroke
a sudden interruption of the blood flow to the brain
signs and symptoms of a stroke
dizziness, confusion, headache, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body
most common emergency in the dental office
syncope aka fainting
treatment for syncope (fainting)
place patient in Trendelenburg position feet slightly higher than the head.
administer spirits of ammonia if the patient isn’t revived
what are diabetes
a metabolic disorder that results from disturbances in the body normal insulin mechanism
type I (juvenile diabetes)
most serve, ages between 10-16.
Regular injections or insulin needed
type II
Can be controlled with diet and medications, usually in adults/obese/middle ages
hyperglycemia
too much blood sugar
hypoglycemia
too little blood sugar
signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia
and
treatment
fruit-like smell, warm, dry skin, dry mouth, rapid and weak pulse.
Patient needs insulin
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
and
treatment
nervous, confused, hungry, personality changes, weakness, cold sweats.
Give sugar or orange juice
sezuire aka
convulsions
signs and symptoms of a seizure
involuntary spasmodic/muscle twitching
grand mal seizure
most common last 3-5 minutes, a person becomes unconscious
petit mal seizure
most often occurs in children, lasts 5-10 secs
patient may have blank dazed look with twitchy eyelids
a most common drug used to treat epilepsy
Dilantin
gel foam
gelatin-based sponge material, placed in an open socket or wound
oxygel
oxidized regenerated cellulose that releases cellulosic acid. Places in dry socket
surgicel
oxidized regenerated cellulose applied as gauze in the socket
tannic acid
tea bag is helpful when at home
avulsed tooth
a tooth that is knocked out of a socket by force
alveolitis AKA dry socket
occurs after an extraction, nerve endings over the bone become exposed.
soft tissue injury
electrical burns from biting electrical cord, sharp instruments in the mouth
