making x-rays Flashcards
intra-oral x-ray machines include
control panel, extension arms, tube head
control panel includes
master switch, indicator light, selector button, exposure button
extension arm
suspend x-ray tube head, allows for movement and positioning of the tube head
metal housing
the metal body of the tube head
insulating oil
fills the housing and surrounds the x-ray tube, prevents overheating
transformers
alters the voltage of the incoming electric current
aluminum fillers/disks
filters out non-penetrating, longer wavelength Xrays
lead collimator
limits the size of the Xray beam
position-indicating device (PID)
a lead-lined cylinder that aims and shapes the x-ray beam
heart of the x-ray generating system. is made of leaded-glass housing known as
x-ray tube
what Xray tube does
prevents Xray from escaping in all directions
Air has been removed from the tube to create a vacuum
Vacuum environment
allows electrons to flow with minimum resistance between the electrodes
negative supplies the electrons necessary to generate Xrays.
Consists of a tungsten filament in a focusing cup made up of molybdenum
cathode
positive acts as a target for electrons
Composed of tungsten target embedded In a large copper stem
anode
produces electrons when heated, hotter than filament the more electrons produced
tungsten filament
focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and directs the beam across the tube toward the tungsten target
molybdenum (focusing cup)
copper
conducts the heat away from the target
serves as a focal point and covers the bombarding electrons into x-ray photons
tungsten target
PID (position indicating device)
aka cone
used to aim x-ray beam at the film
usually 8,12,16 inches in length
older system
the traditional or standard system
newer system
metric equivalent is known as SI system
exposure
measurement of ionization in air produced by Xrays
dose
the amount of energy absorbed by a tissue
dose equivalent
compares biological effects of different types of radiation
density
overall darkness or blackness of an image
contrast
how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image.
transformer
a device that is used to either increase or decrease the voltage in an electrical circuit
step down transformer
used to decrease the voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 V used by the filament circuit
step-up transformer
used to increase the voltage from the incoming 110-2201 line.
means braking radiation
bremsstrahlung radiation
