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Dental assisting > prevention of disease transmission ch 18 > Flashcards

prevention of disease transmission ch 18 Flashcards

1
Q

5 major groups of microorganisms

A

bacteria, viruses, algae, protozoa, fungi

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

consist of only a single cell
vary in size/shape
been found to live temp above boiling point and in cold below freezing point

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3
Q

normal flora

A

some microorganisms are not a problem and are expected to be there. EG) skin, respiratory tract, gi tract

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4
Q

bacteria shape (coccus)

A

sphere

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5
Q

bacteria shape (bacillus)

A

rod

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6
Q

bacteria shape (spirochete)

A

spiral

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7
Q

streptococci

A

form chains as they divide, responsible for strep throat, endocarditis, pneumonia, etc

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8
Q

staphylococci

A

form regular groups or clusters

staphylo = bunch of grapes/clusters

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9
Q

clostridium botulinum, e.coli, tubercular bacilli(tb), clostridium tetani.. are all diseases caused by

A

Rod (bacilli)

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10
Q

spirochetes

A

spiral-shaped bacteria have flexible cell walls and are capable of movement

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11
Q

caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Highly contagious disease.
spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

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12
Q

Symptoms of TB

A

fever, fatigue, night sweats, loss of weight

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13
Q

Gram-positive

A

bacteria that are stained by a dye, appears dark purple under the microscope

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14
Q

gram-negative

A

do not hold the stain, almost colorless and nearly invisible under a microscope

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15
Q

aerobes

A

bacteria that need oxygen to grow

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16
Q

anaerobes

A

bacteria that grow in the absence of o2 and are destroyed by o2

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17
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

could live either with or without o2

eg) streptococci, e.coli

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18
Q

some bacterias form this which is a protective layer that covers the cell wall. These protected bacteria are generally virulent

A

Capsules

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19
Q

smaller than bacteria, but can cause fatal diseases

A

virus

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20
Q

range from single-cell organisms to larger multiple-cell organisms like seaweed and kelp. contain chlorophyll

A

algae

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21
Q

consists of a large group of one-cell organisms. Found in freshwater and marine habitats and moist soil, do not cause disease but some live in hosts and do cause damage

A

protozoa

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22
Q

fungi

A

are plants such as mushrooms, yeats, and molds.

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23
Q

candida

A

common yeast found in the oral cavity. Also found in the GI tract and female genital tract

24
Q

oral candidiasis

A

caused by yeast Candida Albicans and is treated with a topical antifungal preparation (wash)

25
Q

short for proteinaceous infectious particle, composed entirely of proteins that lack nucleic acids (DNA OR RNA)
Responsible for a group of chronic diseases

A

prions

26
Q

creutzfeldt- jakob disease

A

caused by prion disease. neurological disorder. Nervous system disease that causes dementia

27
Q

reservoir

A

a place where microorganisms normally live and reproduce eg) humans, water, food blood&saliva

28
Q

portal of exit

A

path by which the pathogen leaves its host eg) respiratory tract, urinary tract, cut in the skin

29
Q

portal of entry

A

pathogens must have a portal of entry or means of entering the body to cause infection

30
Q

Airborne pathogens enter

A

through the mouth and nose

31
Q

bloodborne pathogens must access

A

the blood supply, this occurs through a break in the skin caused by a needle stick, cut, or human bite

32
Q

susceptible host

A

a person who is unable to resist infection by the pathogen.

33
Q

Latent infection

A

a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go.

Eg) cold sores, herpes

34
Q

communicable disease

A

caused by infection spreading from person to person or through contact with body fluids.

35
Q

inherited immunity

A

present at birth

36
Q

acquired immunity

A

developed through a person lifetime

37
Q

airborne transmission

A

also known as droplet infection.

Spread through droplets of moisture containing bacteria/virus

38
Q

Aerosols, spray, or spatter

A

generated during dental treatment and can contain blood, saliva.

39
Q

Aerosols

A

smallest, mist-like, and can remain airborne

Created by the highspeed handpiece and ultrasonic scaler during procedures

40
Q

indirect transmission

A

microorganisms are transmitted to an object or surface and then transferred to another person who touches that as well. Eg) dental chart

41
Q

parenteral transmission

A

through the skin, as with cuts or punctures.

42
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

occurs through direct or indirect contact with blood and other body fluids

43
Q

food and water transmission

A

transmitted by contaminated food that has not been cooked or refrigerated properly and water that has been contaminated

44
Q

fecal-oral transmission

A

if hands aren’t washed properly after bathroom, pathogens may be transmitted directly by touching another or by directly contacting a contaminated surface

45
Q

disease producing microorganisms are termed

A

pathogenic

46
Q

none disease producing microorganisms

A

nonpathogenic

47
Q

capable of causing serious disease

A

virulent

48
Q

organisms that can grow in the precedes or absence of oxygen are

A

facultative anaerobes

49
Q

single celled microscopic animal without a rigid cell way

A

protozoan

50
Q

is a hidden virus during the latency period

A

provirus

51
Q

prion

A

tiny infectious agents that do not contain dna or rna

52
Q

bacteria can change into highly resistant form called

A

spore

53
Q

virus necessary for co-infection with HDV

A

HBV

54
Q

virus that is spread by the feral-oral route

A

HAV

55
Q

virus spread by mosquitoes

A

West Nile virus

56
Q

the virus caused by A-type viruses

A

H1N1 flu virus

57
Q

the bacterium that is resistant to some antibiotics

A

MRSA

Dental assisting (57 decks)

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