prevention of disease transmission ch 18

Question 1

5 major groups of microorganisms

Answer 1

bacteria, viruses, algae, protozoa, fungi

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

consist of only a single cell
vary in size/shape
been found to live temp above boiling point and in cold below freezing point

Question 3

normal flora

Answer 3

some microorganisms are not a problem and are expected to be there. EG) skin, respiratory tract, gi tract

Question 4

bacteria shape (coccus)

Answer 4

sphere

Question 5

bacteria shape (bacillus)

Answer 5

rod

Question 6

bacteria shape (spirochete)

Answer 6

spiral

Question 7

streptococci

Answer 7

form chains as they divide, responsible for strep throat, endocarditis, pneumonia, etc

Question 8

staphylococci

Answer 8

form regular groups or clusters

staphylo = bunch of grapes/clusters

Question 9

clostridium botulinum, e.coli, tubercular bacilli(tb), clostridium tetani.. are all diseases caused by

Answer 9

Rod (bacilli)

Question 10

spirochetes

Answer 10

spiral-shaped bacteria have flexible cell walls and are capable of movement

Question 11

caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Highly contagious disease.
spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air

Answer 11

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 12

Symptoms of TB

Answer 12

fever, fatigue, night sweats, loss of weight

Question 13

Gram-positive

Answer 13

bacteria that are stained by a dye, appears dark purple under the microscope

Question 14

gram-negative

Answer 14

do not hold the stain, almost colorless and nearly invisible under a microscope

Question 15

aerobes

Answer 15

bacteria that need oxygen to grow

Question 16

anaerobes

Answer 16

bacteria that grow in the absence of o2 and are destroyed by o2

Question 17

facultative anaerobes

Answer 17

could live either with or without o2

eg) streptococci, e.coli

Question 18

some bacterias form this which is a protective layer that covers the cell wall. These protected bacteria are generally virulent

Answer 18

Capsules

Question 19

smaller than bacteria, but can cause fatal diseases

Answer 19

virus

Question 20

range from single-cell organisms to larger multiple-cell organisms like seaweed and kelp. contain chlorophyll

Answer 20

algae

Question 21

consists of a large group of one-cell organisms. Found in freshwater and marine habitats and moist soil, do not cause disease but some live in hosts and do cause damage

Answer 21

protozoa

Question 22

fungi

Answer 22

are plants such as mushrooms, yeats, and molds.

Question 23

candida

Answer 23

common yeast found in the oral cavity. Also found in the GI tract and female genital tract

Question 24

oral candidiasis

Answer 24

caused by yeast Candida Albicans and is treated with a topical antifungal preparation (wash)

Question 25

short for proteinaceous infectious particle, composed entirely of proteins that lack nucleic acids (DNA OR RNA) Responsible for a group of chronic diseases

Answer 25

prions

Question 26

creutzfeldt- jakob disease

Answer 26

caused by prion disease. neurological disorder. Nervous system disease that causes dementia

Question 27

reservoir

Answer 27

a place where microorganisms normally live and reproduce eg) humans, water, food blood&saliva

Question 28

portal of exit

Answer 28

path by which the pathogen leaves its host eg) respiratory tract, urinary tract, cut in the skin

Question 29

portal of entry

Answer 29

pathogens must have a portal of entry or means of entering the body to cause infection

Question 30

Airborne pathogens enter

Answer 30

through the mouth and nose

Question 31

bloodborne pathogens must access

Answer 31

the blood supply, this occurs through a break in the skin caused by a needle stick, cut, or human bite

Question 32

susceptible host

Answer 32

a person who is unable to resist infection by the pathogen.

Question 33

Latent infection

Answer 33

a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go. | Eg) cold sores, herpes

Question 34

communicable disease

Answer 34

caused by infection spreading from person to person or through contact with body fluids.

Question 35

inherited immunity

Answer 35

present at birth

Question 36

acquired immunity

Answer 36

developed through a person lifetime

Question 37

airborne transmission

Answer 37

also known as droplet infection. | Spread through droplets of moisture containing bacteria/virus

Question 38

Aerosols, spray, or spatter

Answer 38

generated during dental treatment and can contain blood, saliva.

Question 39

Aerosols

Answer 39

smallest, mist-like, and can remain airborne | Created by the highspeed handpiece and ultrasonic scaler during procedures

Question 40

indirect transmission

Answer 40

microorganisms are transmitted to an object or surface and then transferred to another person who touches that as well. Eg) dental chart

Question 41

parenteral transmission

Answer 41

through the skin, as with cuts or punctures.

Question 42

bloodborne transmission

Answer 42

occurs through direct or indirect contact with blood and other body fluids

Question 43

food and water transmission

Answer 43

transmitted by contaminated food that has not been cooked or refrigerated properly and water that has been contaminated

Question 44

fecal-oral transmission

Answer 44

if hands aren't washed properly after bathroom, pathogens may be transmitted directly by touching another or by directly contacting a contaminated surface

Question 45

disease producing microorganisms are termed

Answer 45

pathogenic

Question 46

none disease producing microorganisms

Answer 46

nonpathogenic

Question 47

capable of causing serious disease

Answer 47

virulent

Question 48

organisms that can grow in the precedes or absence of oxygen are

Answer 48

facultative anaerobes

Question 49

single celled microscopic animal without a rigid cell way

Answer 49

protozoan

Question 50

is a hidden virus during the latency period

Answer 50

provirus

Question 51

prion

Answer 51

tiny infectious agents that do not contain dna or rna

Question 52

bacteria can change into highly resistant form called

Answer 52

spore

Question 53

virus necessary for co-infection with HDV

Answer 53

HBV

Question 54

virus that is spread by the feral-oral route

Answer 54

HAV

Question 55

virus spread by mosquitoes

Answer 55

West Nile virus

Question 56

the virus caused by A-type viruses

Answer 56

H1N1 flu virus

Question 57

the bacterium that is resistant to some antibiotics

Answer 57

MRSA