pain control in dentistry Flashcards
prescribed for the relief of acute pain, chronic pain dulls the operation of pain WITHOUT producing unconsciousness
analgesic/painkiller
opioid =
narcotics, such as codeine and demerol
non-opioid=
non-narcotic, such as Advil and aspirin
analgesia =
absence- relief of pain
mild analgesics (nonopioid)
relief for mild pain, minimal Side effects, non addictive, over the counter
benefits of aspirin
anti-inflammatory, mild blood thinner, prevents blood clots
dangers of aspirin
may burn oral mucosa, cause allergic reaction, stomach irritation
moderate analgesics
controls moderate pain,
most commonly prescribed as a mild analgesic with a combination of codeine
strong analgesics (opioid)
relieves pain of high intensity, narcotic drugs which are capable of producing physical/psychological dependence
constrict blood vessels, decrease blood flow, increase the concentration of drug at the site
vasoconstrictors
reduces the hearts workload, widens arteries and vessels.
Increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart specifically when it is in distress.
prescribes for pt with angina
vasodilators
lengthens time it takes for blood to clot, often found with pt who have heart conditions or strokes
anticoagulants
concern for anticoagulants
unnecessary blood loss
difficult to control bleeding
antihistamines
used to treat mild allergic reactions
antipyretic agents
used to reduce fevers eg, ibuprofen, aleve
work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system, can be used to treat asthma, atopic eczema..
corticosteroids
hemostatic
used to control bleeding in an area, works by contracting tissues to seal injured blood vessels eg) gel foam, tannic acid
dry socket
inflammation and pain due to the loss or failure of blood clot to form after extraction of tooth
conscious sedation
helps reduce anxiety, discomfort, and pain during procedures
unconscious sedation
general anesthesia
anti anxiety agents
to relief anxiety, suppress mild to moderate anxiety
intravenous sedation
patient Is able to maintain an airway and respond to physical and verbal stimuli
safest type of sedation, helps eliminate fear and pain, patient inhales gases through nosepiece
inhalation sedation
is essential for protecting you and other dental personnel. Reduces the amount of n2o that escapes into the atmosphere
scavenger system
n2o cylinder color
blue
o2 cylinder color
green
advantages of inhalation sedation
easy to manage, pt is awake and able to communicate,m all ages, excellent safety record
disadvantages of inhalation sedation
may experience nausea, over dosage
contraindications of inhalation sedation
nasal obstruction, pregnant patient
complications from nitrous oxide
shivering
obtained by the administration of gases such as nitrous , oxygen, and IV agents, pt is unable to maintain an airway independently or respond
general anesthesia
stage 1- analgesia
patient is relaxed and fully conscious, able to open mouth
stage 2- excitement
undesirable stage, pt may become uncooperative, nausea/vomitting may occur, unconscious
stage 3- general anesthesia
patient becomes calmer after excitement , pt feels no pain or sensation
stage 4- respiratory failure
circulatory flow has been reduced, respiration failure/cardiac arrest occurs, if not reversed quickly pt can die
