Prostate Cancer 3 Flashcards

Describe the primary tumors.

1
Q

What is the most common histologic type of prostate cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma arising from the prostatic acini

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2
Q

How is the potential aggressiveness of prostate cancer evaluated?

A
  • Gleason grading system that has 5 different patterns
    • nearly normal looking glandular tissue (Gleason pattern 1)
    • cords and sheets of anaplastic cancer cells (Gleason pattern 5)
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3
Q

How does the Gleason system score prostate cancer?

A
  • The score of the primary (majority) pattern is added to the score of the secondary (minority) pattern to yield a Gleason sum, ranging from 2 to 10
  • In recent years, the Gleason system has evolved into a limited number of sums, ranging from 3+3 = 6 (mildly aggressive) to 3+4=7 (low end of moderately aggressive) to 4+3 = 7 (high end of moderately aggressive) to 4+4 = 8, 4+5 = 9 or 5+4 =9 (highly aggressive)
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4
Q

How is staging done in higher-risk patients with prostate cancer?

A
  • Radionucleotide bone scan and a CT or MRI scan of the abdomen and pelvis, looking for local extension of the cancer into the periprostatic tissues, lymph node involvement or bone metastases
    • stage T1
      • microscopic tumor confined to the prostate gland that is palpably normal on DRE
      • most common stage is T1c in which tumor is discovered through a biopsy performed because of an elevated PSA
    • stage T2 denotes palpable tumor confined to the gland
    • stage T3 denotes tumor that has begun to extend beyond the prostate
    • stage T4 denotes a tumor that is fixed and has invaded adjacent organs
    • N1 denotes lymph node metastases and M1 distant metastases, usually to bone
      • however prostate cancer can metastasize to any organ.
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