Principles of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Question 1

What is chemotherapy

Answer 1

the use of chemicals to inhibit the growth/replication of invading organisms or cancerous cells within the body

Question 2

What is selective toxicity

Answer 2

drugs that are intended to be toxic to the invading organism or cancerous cell but are relatively harmless to the host or normal cells

Question 3

Cephalosporins

Answer 3

are from fungus and work by the same mechanisms as penicillin

Question 4

oral cephalosporins

Answer 4

cephalexin

Question 5

parental cephalosporins

Answer 5

cefuroxime and cefotaxime

Question 6

Bacterial Folate Antagonists

Answer 6

act through the inhibition of the folate pathway in bacteria

Question 7

Aminoglycosides

Answer 7

Form ionic bonds at the cell surface
Penetrate cell wall by a transport membrane mechanism across the cell membrane
diffuse into membrane and bind to ribosomes

Question 8

how do ahminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 8

bind to ribosomes
- at the interface between the assembled 30s and 50s subunits
- directly to the individual subunits
Inhibits protein synthesis by the misreading of mRNA

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

prevent attachment of the tRNA to the acceptor site on the mRNA ribosome complex preventing addition of amino acids to peptide chain

Question 10

What is the role of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin

Answer 10

prevent the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain by binding to ribosomes

Question 11

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 11

synthetic antibiotics
act by inihibiting bacterial DNA troposomerase II also known as gyrase
catalyses the introduction of negative supercoil in DNA permitting transcription and replication
LIMITED BY IMPACT ON OTHER FLORA