Introduction to molecular biology 4

Question 1

What are the three stages of translation

Answer 1

Initiation
elongation
Termination

Question 2

Frameshift mutation

Answer 2

insertion or deletion

Question 3

missense

Answer 3

substitution and is a point mutation ]

Question 4

silent mutation

Answer 4

one that does to have an adverse effect or effectt the protein produced

Question 5

Adaptor

Answer 5

found between the codon and specific amino acid, tRNA

Question 6

Consequences of mutations

Answer 6

• no transcription
• unsubtle protein
• reduced transcription number
• protein incorrectly processed
• inappropriate function/regulation

Question 7

Polymorphism

Answer 7

Minor change in DNA sequence that is present in >1% of population

Question 8

initiation

Answer 8

the 5’ cap structure of the mRNA is recognised by the cap-binding protein complex which then recruits ribosomes. The ribosomes ‘scan’ through the 5’non-coding region until the initiation codon is found. Requires initiation factors

Question 9

elongation

Answer 9

the (correct) charged tRNAs then bind and a peptide bond is made between the amino acids. Once the peptide bond is formed, the ribosome moves along the mRNA one codon. The deacylated tRNA exits the complex and a new, charged, tRNA binds (specified by the next codon of the mRNA)……..etc., etc., until

Question 10

termination

Answer 10

the termination codon is encountered at the end of the open reading frame and the bond between the protein and the (last)
tRNA is broken to release the finished protein. The whole complex disassociates. Requires termination factors