Intro to Public health Flashcards
What is health protection
the part of public health that protects the population from infection and environmental hazards
What are the three domains of public health
health protection - infectious diseases, radiation etc.
health improvement - inequalities, education, housing etc.
improving services - clinical effectiveness, efficiency
sporadic
occasional cases occurring irregularly
endemic
persistent background level of occurrence (low to moderate levels)
epidemic
occurrence in excess of the expected level during a given time period
pandemic
epidemic occurring in or spreading over several countries, on a global scale
What is the epidemiological triad
host - poetically susceptible individual
environment - the external factors that affect potential disease transmission
agent - the organism that causes the infection.
What is the epidemiological traids facilitating factors
host - age, nutrition, immune status
environment - climate, sanitation, overcrowding
agent - virulence, infectiousness, drug resistance
control measures associated
host - immunisation, goof nutrition and general health
environment - barriers, hygiene measures like hand washing
agent - treat cases, isolate cases, good prescribing
chain of infection
- susceptible host
- infectious agent
- reservoir (where infectious agent normally lives and multiplies)
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
methods of breaking the chain
host - immunisation, treatment of underlying diseases
infectious agent - antimicrobial stewardship
reservoir - medical treatment of infected person, clean water
portal of exit - covering mouth when sneezing
made of transmission - isolation of infected person, sterilisation of infected person
portal of entry - catheter care, bed nets
reproductive number
the number of cases one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period, in an otherwise uninfected population
Latent period
time between exposure and infection
incubation period
time between infection and onset of symptoms
infectious period
the period from the first evident manifestation of an infectious disease to the final host reaction