Intro to Public health Flashcards

1
Q

What is health protection

A

the part of public health that protects the population from infection and environmental hazards

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2
Q

What are the three domains of public health

A

health protection - infectious diseases, radiation etc.
health improvement - inequalities, education, housing etc.
improving services - clinical effectiveness, efficiency

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3
Q

sporadic

A

occasional cases occurring irregularly

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4
Q

endemic

A

persistent background level of occurrence (low to moderate levels)

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5
Q

epidemic

A

occurrence in excess of the expected level during a given time period

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6
Q

pandemic

A

epidemic occurring in or spreading over several countries, on a global scale

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7
Q

What is the epidemiological triad

A

host - poetically susceptible individual

environment - the external factors that affect potential disease transmission

agent - the organism that causes the infection.

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8
Q

What is the epidemiological traids facilitating factors

A

host - age, nutrition, immune status

environment - climate, sanitation, overcrowding

agent - virulence, infectiousness, drug resistance

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9
Q

control measures associated

A

host - immunisation, goof nutrition and general health

environment - barriers, hygiene measures like hand washing

agent - treat cases, isolate cases, good prescribing

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10
Q

chain of infection

A
  • susceptible host
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir (where infectious agent normally lives and multiplies)
  • portal of exit
  • mode of transmission
  • portal of entry
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11
Q

methods of breaking the chain

A

host - immunisation, treatment of underlying diseases
infectious agent - antimicrobial stewardship
reservoir - medical treatment of infected person, clean water
portal of exit - covering mouth when sneezing
made of transmission - isolation of infected person, sterilisation of infected person
portal of entry - catheter care, bed nets

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12
Q

reproductive number

A

the number of cases one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period, in an otherwise uninfected population

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13
Q

Latent period

A

time between exposure and infection

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14
Q

incubation period

A

time between infection and onset of symptoms

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15
Q

infectious period

A

the period from the first evident manifestation of an infectious disease to the final host reaction

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16
Q

who do you notify if you have a notifiable disease

A

consultant in public health (Scotland)

proper officer of the local authority (England)

17
Q

What is an outbreak

A

two or more people who experience a similar illness or confirmed infection and are linked by a common factor
OR
when the observed number of cases unaccountably exceeds the expected number for a given place and time

18
Q

Outbreak management

A
  • Confirm if it is an outbreak
  • Establish info on causative organism
  • Implement control measures
  • Identify source (and remove if possible)
  • Ensure all cases treated appropriately
  • Case finding
  • Surveillance
  • Learn lessons for future