Epithelia

Question 1

Where are stratified cuboidal

Answer 1

salivary glands and sweat glands

Question 2

Where are stratified columnar located

Answer 2

male urethera

Question 3

What are the three main specialisations on the surface of epithelial cells

Answer 3

The presence of microvilli, cilia or the presence of the protein keratin

Question 4

pseudostratified cells are found where?

Answer 4

Variations between short and long cells but are all attached to the BM, these cells line the conducting part of the airway

Question 5

What are the functions of epithelia cells

Answer 5

absorption
secretion
selective/protective barrier
transportation

Question 6

Where are simple cuboidal cells found

Answer 6

good for secretion and absorption so therefore is found in the liver and the kidneys

Question 7

Simple columnar

Answer 7

Good for secretion and absorption therefore are found in the GI tract

Question 8

Stratified squamous - where are these found?

Answer 8

Used in protection do therefore line the oesophagus and epidermis

Question 9

What are the two vital functions of tight junctions

Answer 9

they prevent the passage of molecules and ions through the spaces between cells
They block the movement of integral cell membrane proteins between apical and basolateral surfaces of the cell

Question 10

Simple squamous

Answer 10

Lines the capillaries and blood vessels to allow rapid diffusion

Question 11

Zonula Adherens

Answer 11

completely encircles each cell providing stability, holding the cells in a tissue together.

Question 12

Transitional where the apical layer is cuboidal

Answer 12

bladder

Question 13

desmosome

Answer 13

a type of junction which strengthens cell links

Question 14

Gap junctions

Answer 14

tiny pores to allow passage of small molecules between adjacent cells (these respond to stimuli as a unit)

Question 15

mesothelium

Answer 15

epithelia that surrounds the body cavities (pericardium, peritoneum and the pleura)

Question 16

what is the endothelium

Answer 16

lines the walls of blood vessels

Question 17

functions of the endothelium

Answer 17

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
Assist in forming the BM
control blood pressure
angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels)
role in acute inflammation

Question 18

What happens to the endothelium in the presence of histamine

Answer 18

endothelial cells lose attachment to each other and retract, allowing fluid and proteins to diffuse out into the local tissues causing tissue swelling termed oedema. This reorganisation of cell-cell junctions is rapid and reversible and takes place in the space of a few minutes (e.g. insect sting).

Question 19

fenestra

Answer 19

These are windows/gaps between individual endothelium cells. These allow large molecules to move between the blood and surrounding tissues (found for example in the endocrine glands)

Question 20

Tell me about the mesothelium

Answer 20

Provides a friction free surface by secreting a watery fluid which facilitates movement of an organ within a cavity. these also form the serous membranes known as pericardium, peritoneum and pleaura.