Introduction to the body Flashcards
What is the problem with cavities
THE BODY DOES NOT LIKE SPACES
This can lead to inflammation - pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonitis, sinusitis, mastoiditis, meningitis
- INFECTION
- BLOOD LOSS
What is skins function
Used for protection, heat regulation, sensory receptors for pain etc
What do layers of fascia do
They separate the body into compartments
Name the two kinds of sweat glands
Merocrine - acidic
Apocrine - alkaline
What are the three layers of the skin
The epidermis
the dermis
hypodermis (subcontanoius tissue)
What are the three layers of the trim-laminar disc
the ectoderm neural tube
the mesoderm splits to form cavities
the endoderm GI and reproductive
What forms the bodies cavities
The folding and pinching of the trim-laminar disc in two directions cephalon and caudal
what are the three main body cavities
heart (pericardium)
lungs (pleura)
gastro intestinal tracts (peritoneum)
What is the difference between Parietal and visceral:
Structures invaginate into “balloons” of serous, slippery membranes, creating a visceral layer on the organ and a parietal layer against the wall of the cavity.
Name 5 facts about the neuron
- Excitable nerves cells which transmit information as electrical signals or action potentials.
- The typical neauron has a cell body (soma) and a neurite(s) this is either a dentrite or an axon
- Axon is single, can be as long as 1m and is covered in myelin or schwann sheath (as the myelin sheath is formed from schwann cells (this insulates the neuron)
- Dendrites are multiple, thin, short extensions
- These are supported by glial cells known as neurolia
What are the two parts of the skeleton
AXIAL skeleton– skull, vertebrae including sacrum (triangular bit near the base of your spine), ribs and sternum. And the appendicular skeleton PPENDICULAR – bones of the upper and lower limbs including the scapula and clavicle (pectoral girdle) and hip bone (pelvic girdle).
What are langers lines and how are they used
Natural lines of tension
Incisions are better made parallel to the tension on the surface of our skin as it results in a less gaping wound, faster healing, and less scar tissue. These lines spiral longitudinally in the limbs and lie horizontally in the thorax and abdomen.
What are somites
idges down the back of the embryo (humans = quadrupeds)
how many pairs of nerves does the spinal cord have
33 pairs of nerves
What is the parietal and visceral space lubricated by
serous fluid. (pleura, pericardium (Pericardium = fluid which lines the organs between visceral and parietal layers to allow lubrication), peritoneum)
meninges
These are the layers protecting your spinal cord, they are collectively known as the meninges. Think meningitis as this is what this effects.
Name the layers of the CNS
Dura Mater = extra-dural
Arachnoid mater = sub-dural
Pia Mater = sub-arachnoid
MAKES UP THE MENIGES
What is located between arachoid and pia matter
cerebrospinal fluid which supports and nourishes the CNS supplies nutrients and provides a fluid barrier
Name all the different kinds of spinal nerves and how many there are
This is composed of 33 pairs of spinal nerves. -Numbered for vertebrae -7 cervical (the neck) Therefore c1, c2 -12 Thoracic therefore t1, t2 -5 Lumbar (lower back) l1, l2 -5 Sacral (near the tail bone) S1, S2 -1 coccygeal (tailbone) C1, C2 With a total of 12 pairs of cranial nerves2
Somatic NS
supplies skeletal muscle’s, skin, oral and nasal cavities
with sensory and motor nerves
ANS: Autonomic NS: located in thoracic and upper lumber
- Controls the functions of smooth muscles, glands, internal organs and blood vessels
- Relays sensory information from these to CNS
- Can be divided into sympathetic (Fight or flights response, cell bodies are located at lateral horn of T1-L2 spinal cord segments, located in thoracic and upper lumber) and parasympathetic (rest and digest response, cell bodies are at brain stem or S2-4 spinal cord segments, cells located in base of spinal cord and in the brainw2).