Primary Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main divisions of cells?

A

the single celled organisms (known as the prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
the simple multicellular organisms (sponges and hydra etc.)
complex multicellular organisms (higher animals/plants) these cells group together into tissues with distinct functions.

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2
Q

What is an originator cell

A

a stem cell

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3
Q

What is gene expression regulated by?

A

transcription factors as they act in different combinations to determine the path of differentiation.

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4
Q

What is Epithelia

A
Thery are used for absorption
secretion
transport 
protection
they cover surfaces with sheets of cells creating an enclosed and sheltered environment
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5
Q

What happens when a burn occurs?

A

this causes loss of skin barrier function and the main dangers are fluid loss and infection.

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6
Q

Gap junctions

A

connect cytosols of adjacent cells for very small molecules

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7
Q

What does the basement membrane contain that provides strength

A

filamentous proteins

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8
Q

What are fibro - collagenous tissue

A

These can be loose (around epithelial/organs type 1 collagen, cells ++) dense (tendon, ligaments type 1 collagen cells+/-) or reticular (liver, lymph nodes type 111 collagen).

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9
Q

Fibroblasts

A

synthesise fibrous proteins such as collagens, elastin’s and extracellular matrix components proteoglycans

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

phagocytose foreign bodies/organisms. Present antigens to stimulate immune cells

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11
Q

Mast cells

A

synthesise histamine and other mediators of inflammation

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12
Q

Plasma cells

A

synthesise antibodies (mature B cells)

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13
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells

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14
Q

adipose tissue (white fat)

A

White fat = energy store, insulation and protection

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15
Q

Brown fat =

A

heat protection by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, located near the upper trunk region.

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16
Q

What does blood contain

A

Fibrous proteins
Structural carbohydrates and proteins
Mineral deposits

17
Q

What is muscle?

A

contractile tissues under voluntary or involuntary, all contractile filaments are composed of actin and myosin. Ordered arrays of filaments in 2 types produce a striated appearance.

18
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

19
Q

Smooth muscle

A

non striated, produces coordinated contractions that are involuntary, the cells are spindle shaped but cells borders are seen very clearly (there is no striking ordered arrays of myosin and actin and this is responsible for peristalsis in the gut.

20
Q

What do adipocytes produce

A

adipokines = regulate nutrional balance

21
Q

hormone produced to tell us when we are full

A

leptin